Cloud Services and Capgemini Overview

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Questions and Answers

What major characteristic does a cloud service NOT include?

Guaranteed uptime (correct)

On-demand IT services

Automated deployment

Pay per use model

How does the global network capacity of large cloud providers compare to the public internet?

It is significantly less than the public internet

It is approximately 2x greater than the public internet

It is equal to the capacity of the public internet

It is 5x-10x greater than the public internet (correct)

What does the term 'elasticity' refer to in the context of cloud services?

The provision of a specific amount of storage and compute power

The capability to automatically scale resources to meet demand (correct)

The ability to shrink infrastructure for cost efficiency

The restriction of resource usage to a fixed level

Which infrastructure component is most beneficial for caching and data preprocessing in cloud services?

Edge Locations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of a 'pay per use' model in cloud services?

Users only pay for the resources they consume Signup and view all the answers

What is a central theme of Capgemini's mission as described?

Harnessing technology for inclusive and sustainable progress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an area where Capgemini leverages technology?

Microsystems Signup and view all the answers

What element is highlighted as part of Capgemini's approach to business transformation?

Integration of human and technological resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is discussed in the agenda concerning Cloud Computing?

Introduction to Cloud Computing Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action recorded in the logs related to user data?

Received request for user data Signup and view all the answers

Which microservices aspect is included in the agenda for the presentation?

Essential Microservices Patterns Signup and view all the answers

What level of logging is used when the user profile update is recorded?

INFO Signup and view all the answers

What is one of Capgemini's guiding principles mentioned in the information?

Unleashing human energy through technology Signup and view all the answers

What type of organizational culture does Capgemini emphasize?

A responsible and diverse organization Signup and view all the answers

At what timestamp does the fetching of updated profile data occur?

2024-11-12 11:30:28 Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for updating the user profile?

UserRepository Signup and view all the answers

Which is a primary component of Capgemini’s approach to addressing business needs?

Hybrid models of technology application Signup and view all the answers

What unique identifier is consistently used in the logs for correlation?

abcd-1234 Signup and view all the answers

Which log entry level indicates that the user data is currently being fetched for ID 1?

INFO Signup and view all the answers

How many distinct requests for user-related data are logged before the profile update completion?

Three Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is logged right after the user profile update?

Fetching updated profile data Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of non-cloud projects compared to cloud projects?

They prioritize unique customization over standardization. Signup and view all the answers

Which analogy best describes the approach to managing cloud projects?

Farming, where herd management is vital. Signup and view all the answers

How is the dependency of cloud projects on their environment characterized?

They function independently of specific environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical response when a cloud project encounters issues?

Replacing it with a new instance of the same type. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of project management, how should one interpret the term 'pets' when referring to non-cloud projects?

As individual and cherished components requiring unique attention. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of event routing in the Event Broker Pattern?

To deliver events from producers to the correct consumers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes loose coupling in the context of the Event Broker Pattern?

Producers can change without affecting the consumers directly Signup and view all the answers

How does the Event Broker Pattern facilitate scalability?

By allowing multiple consumers to process events simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between authentication and authorization?

Authentication answers 'Who are you?' while authorization answers 'What can you do?' Signup and view all the answers

Which process typically follows authentication in secure systems?

User authorization Signup and view all the answers

What is an important characteristic of event routing within the Event Broker Pattern?

It routes events based on predefined rules like subscriptions or topics Signup and view all the answers

Why is loose coupling considered beneficial in microservices architecture?

It allows individual components to be modified without impacting the overall system Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is critical for managing the roles of authenticated users?

Authorization grants permissions after user identity has been verified Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action recorded in the logs for correlationId mnop-6789?

Starting analytics process Signup and view all the answers

Which correlationId is associated with the warning about low inventory?

qrst-1122 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the payment process for correlationId wxyz-5678 is true?

Payment processing failed and was subsequently retried. Signup and view all the answers

At what point was the user profile update completed for correlationId abcd-1234?

11:30:23 Signup and view all the answers

Which action is performed immediately after sending email notifications for correlationId wxyz-5678?

Payment initiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the last recorded action for the correlationId ijkl-2345?

Notification sent Signup and view all the answers

What does the log entry with the ERROR level indicate for correlationId wxyz-5678?

Payment processing failed. Signup and view all the answers

Which controller manages the analytics process according to the logs?

AnalyticsController Signup and view all the answers

What happens immediately after the inventory check is completed for correlationId qrst-1122?

Shipping request initiated Signup and view all the answers

Which correlationId is associated with fetching user data for ID 1?

abcd-1234 Signup and view all the answers

What does the log entry with DEBUG level for correlationId mnop-6789 indicate?

Starting analytics process. Signup and view all the answers

Which service is responsible for sending confirmation emails as per the logs?

EmailService Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the INFO log level for correlationId qrst-1122?

Inventory check completed Signup and view all the answers

How many warning logs are associated with correlationId abcd-1234?

One Signup and view all the answers

What does the log reveal about the last action taken for correlationId wxyz-5678?

Payment retry scheduled. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microservices & Cloud Computing

Topics covered include: Introduction to Systems, Microservices & Cloud Computing, Cloud Architecture, Cloud Scalability, and an agenda of presentations.
This is a Capgemini course (20/11/2024 - 21/11/2024) for ESIEA - 4a students.
The agenda includes topics on: Introduction to Microservices including Essential Patterns, Securing Microservices, Deploying/Maintaining Microservices, Logging, Monitoring, and Introduction to Cloud Computing.

Agenda

There are 4 presentations on Cloud Concepts.
The presentations include: Introduction to Systems, Microservices & Cloud Computing, Cloud Architecture, and Cloud Scalability.

Agenda - Microservices & Cloud Computing

Presentation about Introduction to Microservices.
Presentation about Essential Microservices Patterns.
Presentation about Securing Microservices.
Presentation about Deploying and Maintaining Microservices.
Presentation about Logging.
Presentation about Monitoring.
Presentation about Introduction to Cloud Computing.

About Capgemini

Capgemini is a global leader partnering with companies to transform and manage their business, using technology.
Their purpose is to unleash human energy through technology for an inclusive and sustainable future.
They have over 360,000 team members in more than 50 countries.
They leverage cloud, data, AI, connectivity, software, digital engineering, and platforms to address a wide range of business needs, reflecting a commitment to inclusive and sustainable future.
In 2022, their global revenue was €22 billion.

Mon Parcours - JT

Has a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics.
Master's degree in Mathematics from the University of Aix-Marseille related to Data-Mining & Operational Research.
4 years in a start-up software company as data scientist, working with JAVA and R.
3 years as a software Engineer in a large Engineering company for space defence industry, using JAVA, Matlab, and R.
Currently with Capgemini Financial Services for 8 years as an architect, Team Lead, and Solution Architect.

Mon Rôle - JT

Defines business requirements and solutions.
Defines architecture for solutions.
Teams' leader, and technical coordinator.
Consultant/Manager at Capgemini.
Responsible for creating and maintaining different roles.

Mon Parcours - TD

Bachelor's Degree in Information and Communication Technology from the University of Orléans.
Master's degree in Applied Computer Science for Business Management, specialising in Distributed Networks from the University of Orléans.
6 years working for Capgemini Apps as a developer.
3 years at Capgemini as a Team Lead, Project Manager.
5 years at Capgemini Financial Services, as a Solution Architect.

Mon Rôle - TD

Defines business needs and outlines solution architecture.
Translates architectural visions into technical components.
Technical Lead for Architecture.
Consultant/Manager at Capgemini.

Mon Parcours - KN

Master's Degree in Biotechnological Engineering and Agro-industry Management from the University of La Rochelle.
Has a background in agro-industry.
2 years as a Production Manager in an agro-industry.
6 years at Capgemini Financial Services as a Java developer, experienced in API Management, and architecture.

Monothlits and Their Limitations

Monolithic application: Single-tiered software application. Different modules combined into one program.
- Easy to deploy and test.
- Managed complexity and centralized services.
- Low dependency on shared infrastructure.
- Limitations: Scaling challenges, high cost, and long update delays.
- Difficult to update specific features without updating the whole system.

Definition and Properties of a Microservice

A microservice implements a set of functions.
Modular structure: Each microservice focuses on specific business functions.
Autonomous and independent: Allows flexibility in development and deployment.
Decentralized data model: Each service has its own database for data isolation.

Benefits of Microservices

Scalability: Ability to scale only necessary resources.
Development Speed: Independently deployable microservices allowing for faster deployment.
Optimization/Compatibility: Enables multi-language use for optimum performance.
Fault Isolation: Service failures do not impact the entire application.

"Decentralized" Architecture: Governance & Catalog

Shift from centralized to decentralized governance in microservices.
Managing per-service governance, using a schedule & roadmap.
Using the Service Catalog as a repository helps teams in discovering, reusing, and monitoring services.
Complex microservice architecture, proper cataloging is pivotal.
Distributed transactions require synchronization for various rollback scenarios.

Notable Example: Netflix with AWS

Netflix uses AWS microservices architecture.
Lock in massive databases.
Javaweb implementation.
Difficult to diagnose issues due to multiple code and base changes.
Network latency and congestion issues.
Difficult scaling leads to failures.
Edge, Middle Tier, and Platform are key components of their structure.

Business-Driven Orientation : What is DDD

Domain-Driven Design (DDD): Aligns software design with business domain.
Emphasizes collaboration with domain experts to create a shared language.
Ubiquitous language: Used across different areas of the project or organization. Enhances efficiency.

Business-Driven Orientation: What is DDD

Dividing complex systems into subdomains and bounded contexts for flexible and scalable applications.
Connects software solutions closely to business needs.
Creating a shared language and model to represent business concepts, enabling more effectively designing, implementing, and managing software applications.

Circuit Breaker

A design pattern to prevent cascading failures in a distributed system.
When a service fails repeatedly, the circuit opens and stops requests.
Popular implementations include Hystrix, Resilience4j, and Spring.
When stable, the circuit closes and resumes normal operations.
Helps improve system resilience by stopping cascading failures.

Retry Pattern

Strategies for implementing retry mechanisms in software applications.
- Fixed delay: Sends retry requests after a fixed time interval.
- Incremental delay: Increases delay with each subsequent retry.
- Exponential back-off: Exponentially increases delay for subsequent requests.

Event Broker Pattern

Manages and distributes events between producers and consumers (publishers/subscribers).
Event routing: Directs events to the appropriate consumers based on predefined rules.
Scalable system: Allows multiple consumers to process events concurrently.
Loose coupling: Producers and consumers don't need to know each other directly.

Authentication vs. Authorization

Authentication: Verifying user identity using credentials (tokens, passwords, biometrics).
Authorization: Determining access privileges and actions allowed for an authenticated user.

SSO and JWT Patterns

SSO (Single Sign-On): Enables users to log in once and access multiple applications without re-authentication.
OAuth 2.0: Authorization protocol giving third-party apps limited access to user resources.
OIDC (OpenID Connect): An identity layer built on OAuth 2.0, focusing on verifying user identity and access profile information.

OAuth Pattern

User logs into an application through an authorization server.
Authorization server asks user if they consent to share resources.
Third party receives authorization token and use it to gain access to user resources.

OIDC

Request users to access application via identity provider.
IdP (identity provider) verifies details.
Approves client access.
Grants or denies access, based on security protocols.
Returns security tokens.
Application uses token to grant access back to end user.

Importance of CI/CD and DevOps

Automation of processes to enhance software development.
Collaboration among developers, testers, and operators involved within the pipeline.
Automation steps include planning, coding, compilations, testing, and publishing and deployment processes.

Simple and Complex CI/CD for a Java project & Bank

Tools used in the Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines, such as Jenkins, and Bitbucket.
Steps include code repository, compilation, automated testing, and deployment.
Example of CI/CD pipelines for a banking application, and associated challenges.
Software tools and procedures used, such as Jenkins and Orchestrator, are employed to manage the entire workflow.

Centralized Logging Tools (ELK Stack)

Centralized logging tools like ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana).
Aggregating logs across different services.
ELK Stack components include Logstash for processing, Elasticsearch for storage, and Kibana for visualisation.

Importance of Logs for Diagnostics and Issue Resolution

Shows a range of log entries and their usefulness for resolving incidents.
Demonstrates the importance of logging and monitoring application behaviours.
Using correlation ID to identify specific transactions through complex environments.
Tools like ELK assist in efficiently searching and analysing vast logging data.

Introduction to Monitoring Tools (Prometheus, Grafana, Splunk)

Grafana: Open source tool for data visualization.
Splunk: A platform for data analytics, indexing and visualization; used for monitoring business intelligence.

Importance of Observability: Metrics, Alerts, Performance Tracking

Monitoring system performance through metrics, alerts, and tracking.
Data visualization tools showing key metrics like resource utilization.
Real-time data analysis from graphs and charts used in observability.

A Cloud Service

On-Demand IT Services.
Automated Deployment.
Allowing Elasticity in computing resources.
Pay-per-Use cost model.

Differences Between Non-Cloud and Cloud Projects

Non-Cloud projects (Pets): Unique, individualized management style.
Cloud projects (Cattle): Standardized approach to management; scalable, replaceable.

Liabilities (Cloud vs. Client)

Cloud provider responsibility: Infrastructure security, network, and global infrastructure.
Client responsibility: Data encryption, authentication, and security in the cloud environment.
AWS services used for managing and computing resources in the cloud.

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Different cloud types including public cloud, private cloud, and hybrid cloud.
Deployment models (IAAS, PaaS, SaaS).
Service provider manages infrastructure/servers. Cloud provides scalability and flexibility. Cloud providers manage the infrastructure, security, and availability.
Regions and Availability zones. Cloud locations and dedicated appliances.
On-demand access to resources reduces hardware costs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cloud services, their characteristics, and Capgemini's approach to technology and business transformation. This quiz covers key concepts such as elasticity, caching benefits, and the pay-per-use model. Perfect for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of cloud computing and Capgemini's mission.