Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the AWS shared responsibility model, what is the customer primarily responsible for?
In the AWS shared responsibility model, what is the customer primarily responsible for?
- Physical security of AWS data centers
- Operating system, network, and firewall configuration (correct)
- Compliance of AWS services with international regulations
- Security of the AWS global infrastructure
Which design principle for data security emphasizes the importance of understanding the flow and history of data access?
Which design principle for data security emphasizes the importance of understanding the flow and history of data access?
- Implement a strong identity foundation
- Automate security best practices
- Apply security at all layers
- Enable traceability (correct)
What is the primary function of AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)?
What is the primary function of AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)?
- Managing and encrypting data at rest
- Automating the deployment of AWS infrastructure
- Monitoring the performance of AWS resources
- Providing secure access control to AWS resources (correct)
Which of the following is an example of data at rest protection?
Which of the following is an example of data at rest protection?
What is the purpose of AWS Key Management Service (KMS)?
What is the purpose of AWS Key Management Service (KMS)?
Which AWS service is best suited for collecting and recording activity and event data within an AWS environment?
Which AWS service is best suited for collecting and recording activity and event data within an AWS environment?
What is the primary purpose of Amazon CloudWatch?
What is the primary purpose of Amazon CloudWatch?
Which of the following access management principles should be followed to ensure users have only the necessary permissions to perform their tasks?
Which of the following access management principles should be followed to ensure users have only the necessary permissions to perform their tasks?
Which of the following is a key aspect of data security that includes securing data both while it is being transmitted and while it is stored?
Which of the following is a key aspect of data security that includes securing data both while it is being transmitted and while it is stored?
What should an organization do with the classifications of data, once it has been classified?
What should an organization do with the classifications of data, once it has been classified?
In securing analytics workloads on AWS, what is a recommended best practice for controlling access to data?
In securing analytics workloads on AWS, what is a recommended best practice for controlling access to data?
When securing a stream processing pipeline, what is the MOST important consideration regarding data as it moves through the pipeline?
When securing a stream processing pipeline, what is the MOST important consideration regarding data as it moves through the pipeline?
What kind of data logging and monitoring is most helpful in maintaining compliance with local laws and regulations?
What kind of data logging and monitoring is most helpful in maintaining compliance with local laws and regulations?
An organization wants to provide its data scientists with access to sensitive data for analytics but needs to ensure compliance with data protection regulations. Which of the following approaches would be MOST effective?
An organization wants to provide its data scientists with access to sensitive data for analytics but needs to ensure compliance with data protection regulations. Which of the following approaches would be MOST effective?
A company is migrating its data pipeline to AWS and wants to ensure data security during transit. Which of the following measures would BEST protect the data as it moves between different services within the pipeline?
A company is migrating its data pipeline to AWS and wants to ensure data security during transit. Which of the following measures would BEST protect the data as it moves between different services within the pipeline?
A data engineer is designing a new data lake on Amazon S3 for storing sensitive customer data. Which of the following steps should the engineer take to ensure compliance with data encryption requirements?
A data engineer is designing a new data lake on Amazon S3 for storing sensitive customer data. Which of the following steps should the engineer take to ensure compliance with data encryption requirements?
An organization uses AWS CloudTrail to log all API calls made within their AWS account. They want to set up alerts when specific security-related events occur, such as unauthorized changes to IAM policies. Which AWS service can be used to analyze CloudTrail logs and trigger alerts based on specific events?
An organization uses AWS CloudTrail to log all API calls made within their AWS account. They want to set up alerts when specific security-related events occur, such as unauthorized changes to IAM policies. Which AWS service can be used to analyze CloudTrail logs and trigger alerts based on specific events?
A security engineer needs to implement a solution that automatically detects and prevents unintended data access in an AWS environment. Which of the following approaches would be MOST effective?
A security engineer needs to implement a solution that automatically detects and prevents unintended data access in an AWS environment. Which of the following approaches would be MOST effective?
A company is developing a machine learning application that processes sensitive customer data. Which of the following steps should they take to protect customer privacy and comply with data protection regulations?
A company is developing a machine learning application that processes sensitive customer data. Which of the following steps should they take to protect customer privacy and comply with data protection regulations?
An organization wants to implement a data loss prevention (DLP) strategy in its AWS environment to prevent sensitive data from being inadvertently shared with external parties. Which AWS service can be used to inspect and analyze data stored in S3 buckets for sensitive information?
An organization wants to implement a data loss prevention (DLP) strategy in its AWS environment to prevent sensitive data from being inadvertently shared with external parties. Which AWS service can be used to inspect and analyze data stored in S3 buckets for sensitive information?
A company wants to improve its security posture by automating the process of enabling security best practices across its AWS resources. Which service can be used to continuously assess and improve the security of their AWS environment?
A company wants to improve its security posture by automating the process of enabling security best practices across its AWS resources. Which service can be used to continuously assess and improve the security of their AWS environment?
Which of the following is a security concern when implementing a data lake solution without proper controls?
Which of the following is a security concern when implementing a data lake solution without proper controls?
An organization needs to ensure that its AWS environment meets specific regulatory compliance requirements. What is the first step toward meeting these compliance requirements?
An organization needs to ensure that its AWS environment meets specific regulatory compliance requirements. What is the first step toward meeting these compliance requirements?
A company wants to ensure that only authorized activities are permitted on its data. Which is a critical step to ensure access is only granted when appropriate?
A company wants to ensure that only authorized activities are permitted on its data. Which is a critical step to ensure access is only granted when appropriate?
Downstream data compliance is critical for an organization. Which of the following is MOST important?
Downstream data compliance is critical for an organization. Which of the following is MOST important?
Flashcards
AWS Well-Architected Framework
AWS Well-Architected Framework
A framework by AWS to help cloud architects build secure, high-performing, resilient, and efficient infrastructure for their applications.
Shared Responsibility Model
Shared Responsibility Model
A model that defines security responsibilities between AWS and the customer.
Authentication
Authentication
Establishing the identity of the requestor.
Authorization
Authorization
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Principle of Least Privilege
Principle of Least Privilege
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AWS IAM
AWS IAM
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Data at Rest
Data at Rest
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Data in Transit
Data in Transit
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Logging
Logging
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Monitoring
Monitoring
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AWS CloudTrail
AWS CloudTrail
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Amazon CloudWatch
Amazon CloudWatch
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Classify and protect data
Classify and protect data
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Control the data access
Control the data access
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Study Notes
Module Objectives
- Cloud security best practices are applicable to analytics and machine learning (ML) data pipelines
- AWS services secure the data pipeline
- Infrastructure as code(IaC) provides a secure and scalable data pipeline infrastructure
- AWS CloudFormation templates have sections with defined functions
AWS Well-Architected Framework: Security
- Security is a pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework, along with operational excellence, reliability, performance efficiency, cost optimization, and sustainability.
Shared Responsibility Model
- Customers are responsible for security in the cloud, including data, platform, applications, identity, access management, operating systems, networks, and firewall configurations
- Customers must also handle client-side data encryption, data integrity, and authentication
- Networking traffic protection through encryption, integrity, and identity is a customer responsibility
- AWS is responsible for security of the cloud
- This includes providing foundation services like compute, storage, databases, and networking
- AWS also manages global infrastructure, availability zones, and edge locations
Design Principles for Data Security
- Implement a strong identity foundation.
- Enable traceability.
- Apply security at all layers.
- Automate security best practices.
- Protect data in transit and at rest.
- Keep people away from data.
- Prepare for security events.
Access Management
- Access management incorporates authentication and authorization
Authentication
- Authentication uses credentials to establish the identity of the requestor
- Identity grants or denies access to resources
- Usernames, passwords, and multi-factor authentication (MFA) are commonly used methods
Authorization
- Authorization happens exclusively after authentication
- Authorization determines the level of access an identity has to a resource
- Attribute-based access control (ABAC) and role-based access control (RBAC) are typically used
Principle of Least Privilege
- Granting only the permissions needed to perform a task
- Starts with a minimum set of permissions
- Additional permissions are granted as necessary
- Unnecessary permissions should be revoked
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
- IAM securely shares and controls access to AWS resources, for individuals and groups
- IAM integrates with most AWS services
- IAM supports federated identity management as well as granular permissions and MFA
- IAM provides identity information for information assurance and compliance audits
Data Security
- Protection methods depend on whether data is at rest or in transit
Data at Rest
- Data at rest is data that persists in nonvolatile storage for any duration
- Focus should be on secure key management, encryption, and access control
- Auditing the use of encryption keys and data access logs
- Limiting human access to data and automating data-at-rest protection
Data in Transit
- Data in transit is data that is sent from one system to another
- Focus should be on secure key and certificate management, plus encryption
- Authentication of network communications
- Automation of unintended data access detection plus securing data flow between VPC and on-premises locations
AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)
- KMS creates and manages cryptographic keys using hardware security modules (HSMs)
- KMS is integrated with other AWS services
- KMS allows setting usage policies to determine which users can use each key
Logging and Monitoring
- Logging collects and records activity and event data
- Log information varies depending on the service
- Log file elements include the date, time, origin of the event, and identity of resources that were accessed
- Monitoring is continuous verification of the security and performance of resources, applications, and data
- AWS offers services that provide visibility and identify issues before operations are impacted
AWS CloudTrail
- CloudTrail is the primary AWS solution for logging
- This assists in enabling governance and compliance and operational and risk auditing
- CloudTrail records actions taken by a user, role, or AWS service as events
- CloudTrail can view, search, download, archive, analyze, and respond to account activity across an AWS infrastructure
Amazon CloudWatch
- CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service
- This provides a unified view of the operational health of AWS resources, applications, and services
- CloudWatch collects metrics both in the AWS Cloud and on premises, to monitor and troubleshoot infrastructure and customize logs and events
Key Takeaways: Cloud Security Review
- Access management relies on authentication and authorization; maintain the principle of least privilege
- IAM integrates with AWS services and controls individual and group access to AWS resources
- Data at rest and in transit needs to be secured as key aspects of a data security plan
- Organizations can use logging and monitoring to maintain compliance with local laws and regulations
Classify and Protect Data
- Steps for classifying and protecting data include:
- Understanding classification and policies
- Identifying source data owners
- Recording classification into the Data Catalog
- Implementing encryption and retention policies
- Honoring downstream classifications
Control Data Access
- Control data access by:
- Allowing data owners to determine access
- Building user identity solutions
- Implementing authorization models
- Establishing an emergency access process
Control Access to Workload Infrastructure
- To control access to workload infrastructure:
- Prevent unintended access
- Implement least privilege policies
- Monitor infrastructure changes and user activities
- Secure infrastructure audit logs
Securing the Stream Processing Pipeline
- Secure the stream processing pipeline with data sources such as CloudWatch events
- Data that is produced and ingested and stored using Kinesis Data Streams
- The stored data is then processed and consumed with Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink
- Amazon S3 and Amazon Redshift are possible downstream destinations
- Data classification is maintained consistently throughout the pipeline
Key Takeaways: Security of Analytics Workloads
- Adhere to data classifications and protection policies
- Secure access to data inside the analytics workload
- Data should be shared downstream conforming to source system's classification policy
- Only grant environments the necessary least permissions while implementing automated auditing of activity. Implement alerting on abnormal access
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