Questions and Answers
What is a computer network?
A collection of interconnected devices that communicate to share resources and services.
Which type of network is confined to a small geographic area?
Which topology connects all devices to a single central cable?
What is the OSI model?
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What is an IP address?
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What does a subnet mask do?
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Name two types of IP addresses.
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Which protocol is used for sending emails?
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What is the function of a router?
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Which device provides wireless connectivity in a network?
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A mesh topology connects every device to every other device.
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Study Notes
Basics of Networking
- A computer network consists of interconnected devices, enabling communication and resource sharing (files, printers, internet).
- Types of networks:
- LAN (Local Area Network): Limited to a small area like a building.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large geographical area, including cities and countries.
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Between LAN and WAN, typically covering a city.
- PAN (Personal Area Network): Small range, generally for personal devices (e.g., Bluetooth).
Network Topologies
- Network topology refers to the arrangement and connection of devices within a network.
- Common topologies include:
- Bus Topology: All devices connected to a single cable; easy installation, but has a risk of failure.
- Star Topology: Devices connect to a central hub; reliable and manageable, but dependent on the hub.
- Ring Topology: Devices form a circular connection; reduces data collisions but complicates troubleshooting.
- Mesh Topology: Every device connects to every other device; high redundancy but expensive and complex.
OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection)
- A seven-layer framework for understanding network functions:
- Layer 1: Physical - Manages physical connection and transmission.
- Layer 2: Data Link - Handles data frames and error detection.
- Layer 3: Network - Routes data using IP addresses.
- Layer 4: Transport - Ensures reliable end-to-end communication (TCP/UDP).
- Layer 5: Session - Manages application sessions.
- Layer 6: Presentation - Translates data formats and handles encryption/compression.
- Layer 7: Application - Provides services like email and web browsing.
IP Addressing
- An IP address uniquely identifies devices on a network.
- Types of IP addresses:
- IPv4: 32-bit address formatted as four decimal numbers (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
- IPv6: 128-bit address for a larger address space, formatted in hexadecimal (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
Subnetting
- Subnetting divides a network into smaller, manageable segments (subnets) for improved efficiency and security.
- A Subnet Mask identifies the network and host portions of an IP address (e.g., 255.255.255.0).
TCP/IP Model
- A practical model for network communication, consisting of four layers:
- Layer 1: Network Interface - Combines OSI's Physical and Data Link layers.
- Layer 2: Internet - Matches OSI's Network layer; manages routing and addressing.
- Layer 3: Transport - Corresponds with OSI's Transport layer for data transfer.
- Layer 4: Application - Combines OSI's upper layers to provide user services.
Protocols
- Rules for communication among network devices include:
- HTTP/HTTPS: For web browsing.
- FTP: For file transfers.
- SMTP: For sending emails.
- TCP/IP: Essential protocols for internet communication.
- DNS: Resolves domain names into IP addresses.
- DHCP: Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.
Network Devices
- Router: Directs data between networks.
- Switch: Connects devices within a network, filtering traffic for performance.
- Hub: Basic device that broadcasts data to all connected devices.
- Firewall: Protects the network by managing traffic based on security policies.
- Access Point: Facilitates wireless connectivity for devices within a network.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cloud and network security with this comprehensive quiz. It covers essential topics such as networking basics, cloud computing services, and cyber security measures that are crucial for the Accenture exam. Prepare effectively by checking your understanding of key concepts and practices.
