Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the multitenant architecture used for in Software as a Service?
What is the multitenant architecture used for in Software as a Service?
- To deliver software to a single customer
- To deliver software to thousands of customers (correct)
- To maintain hardware and software
- To provide low cost hosting
What is the cost comparison for the provider in conventional hosting versus SaaS?
What is the cost comparison for the provider in conventional hosting versus SaaS?
- Cost is lower in SaaS (correct)
- Cost is higher in SaaS
- Cost depends on the customer
- Cost is the same in both
What is the main benefit of SaaS for customers?
What is the main benefit of SaaS for customers?
- Maintaining their own applications
- No upfront investment in servers or software licensing (correct)
- Buying software and hardware
- High upfront investment in servers or software licensing
What is the role of the software publisher in SaaS?
What is the role of the software publisher in SaaS?
What is the representation of utility computing services provided by the cloud provider?
What is the representation of utility computing services provided by the cloud provider?
How many main types of services are widely accepted in cloud computing?
How many main types of services are widely accepted in cloud computing?
What is the example of a SaaS provider mentioned in the content?
What is the example of a SaaS provider mentioned in the content?
How do customers access applications in SaaS?
How do customers access applications in SaaS?
What is the purpose of a queue in Windows Azure storage?
What is the purpose of a queue in Windows Azure storage?
How are Windows Azure storage data replicated for fault tolerance?
How are Windows Azure storage data replicated for fault tolerance?
What is the primary purpose of blobs in Windows Azure storage?
What is the primary purpose of blobs in Windows Azure storage?
How are tables in Windows Azure storage different from traditional database tables?
How are tables in Windows Azure storage different from traditional database tables?
What is the purpose of SQL Azure?
What is the purpose of SQL Azure?
How are Windows Azure storage tables accessed?
How are Windows Azure storage tables accessed?
What is the Fabric in Windows Azure?
What is the Fabric in Windows Azure?
How are machines in the Fabric managed?
How are machines in the Fabric managed?
What is the primary benefit of consultation among doctors around the world?
What is the primary benefit of consultation among doctors around the world?
How can education in rural areas be enhanced?
How can education in rural areas be enhanced?
What is the benefit of students building their own multimedia presentations?
What is the benefit of students building their own multimedia presentations?
What is e-government a form of?
What is e-government a form of?
What is the primary issue with deploying cloud services in rural areas?
What is the primary issue with deploying cloud services in rural areas?
What is the purpose of e-governance?
What is the purpose of e-governance?
What can the Government provide to the people concerned through cloud services?
What can the Government provide to the people concerned through cloud services?
What is the benefit of utility computing in e-governance?
What is the benefit of utility computing in e-governance?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for education?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for education?
What is the advantage of 24/7 service model in e-governance?
What is the advantage of 24/7 service model in e-governance?
Who should be responsible for providing information to the public in e-governance?
Who should be responsible for providing information to the public in e-governance?
What is Desktop as a Service?
What is Desktop as a Service?
What is the challenge of storing personal data in e-governance?
What is the challenge of storing personal data in e-governance?
What can be customized to support rural areas?
What can be customized to support rural areas?
What is the name of the initiative of the Government of Gujarat to ensure wireless Internet connectivity to 18000 villages in Gujarat?
What is the name of the initiative of the Government of Gujarat to ensure wireless Internet connectivity to 18000 villages in Gujarat?
What is the technology based on which Gyan Ganga project is implemented?
What is the technology based on which Gyan Ganga project is implemented?
What is the primary goal of the corDECT wireless access system?
What is the primary goal of the corDECT wireless access system?
What is data locality optimization primarily used for?
What is data locality optimization primarily used for?
Which of the following companies is NOT mentioned as a cloud service provider in India?
Which of the following companies is NOT mentioned as a cloud service provider in India?
What is the current ranking of India in terms of economic growth rate?
What is the current ranking of India in terms of economic growth rate?
What is the primary advantage of establishing data centers in rural India?
What is the primary advantage of establishing data centers in rural India?
What is the name of the initiative to modify traditional WiFi for long distance use in rural areas?
What is the name of the initiative to modify traditional WiFi for long distance use in rural areas?
What is the primary benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the primary benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the primary advantage of cloud computing for companies?
What is the primary advantage of cloud computing for companies?
What is the main characteristic of a private cloud?
What is the main characteristic of a private cloud?
What is the primary function of cloud providers?
What is the primary function of cloud providers?
What is the term used to describe the payment model used by cloud users?
What is the term used to describe the payment model used by cloud users?
What is the term used to describe a cloud that is composed of multiple internal or external clouds?
What is the term used to describe a cloud that is composed of multiple internal or external clouds?
Who are the end users in a cloud computing scenario?
Who are the end users in a cloud computing scenario?
What are the advantages of using cloud services?
What are the advantages of using cloud services?
What is the term used to describe the model in which cloud services are provided to cloud users?
What is the term used to describe the model in which cloud services are provided to cloud users?
How many types of clouds are discussed in the content?
How many types of clouds are discussed in the content?
What is the maximum number of buckets an AWS account can have?
What is the maximum number of buckets an AWS account can have?
What is the maximum size of an object that can be stored in S3?
What is the maximum size of an object that can be stored in S3?
What is the purpose of S3?
What is the purpose of S3?
How can data be sent to S3?
How can data be sent to S3?
What is the name of the globally available distributed hash table service provided by Amazon?
What is the name of the globally available distributed hash table service provided by Amazon?
What is the maximum amount of metadata that can be associated with an object in S3?
What is the maximum amount of metadata that can be associated with an object in S3?
How is data typically retrieved from S3?
How is data typically retrieved from S3?
What is the primary use case for S3, according to the content?
What is the primary use case for S3, according to the content?
What is the business model used in cloud services?
What is the business model used in cloud services?
What is the concept that allows cloud users to use virtual images of physical machines?
What is the concept that allows cloud users to use virtual images of physical machines?
What is the primary advantage of cloud computing for IT infrastructure?
What is the primary advantage of cloud computing for IT infrastructure?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for technical and business organizations?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for technical and business organizations?
What is the primary goal of E-Governance?
What is the primary goal of E-Governance?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the primary characteristic of cloud services?
What is the primary characteristic of cloud services?
What is the underlying infrastructure of cloud computing?
What is the underlying infrastructure of cloud computing?
What is the purpose of running multiple instances in Azure?
What is the purpose of running multiple instances in Azure?
What is the main difference between Web role and Worker role instances?
What is the main difference between Web role and Worker role instances?
What is the purpose of application-wide logs in Azure?
What is the purpose of application-wide logs in Azure?
What is stored in Blobs in Azure storage?
What is stored in Blobs in Azure storage?
Why can't developers use their own VM image for Windows Azure?
Why can't developers use their own VM image for Windows Azure?
What is not allowed in Azure applications?
What is not allowed in Azure applications?
What can be used to process requests from users in Azure?
What can be used to process requests from users in Azure?
What is the benefit of Azure's approach to operating system updates?
What is the benefit of Azure's approach to operating system updates?
What is the main reason why interactive applications are attracted to cloud?
What is the main reason why interactive applications are attracted to cloud?
What is the primary use of programming models like Google's Map-Reduce and Yahoo!'s Hadoop?
What is the primary use of programming models like Google's Map-Reduce and Yahoo!'s Hadoop?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud computing in business enterprises?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud computing in business enterprises?
What is the primary use of cloud computing in scientific community?
What is the primary use of cloud computing in scientific community?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud computing in desktop applications?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud computing in desktop applications?
What is the primary role of cloud providers?
What is the primary role of cloud providers?
What is the primary benefit of separation between application and data in cloud computing?
What is the primary benefit of separation between application and data in cloud computing?
What is the example of a cloud computing application mentioned in the content?
What is the example of a cloud computing application mentioned in the content?
What is the key concept in cloud computing that builds abstraction over physical systems?
What is the key concept in cloud computing that builds abstraction over physical systems?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud services for IT infrastructure?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud services for IT infrastructure?
What is the term used to describe cloud services provided by cloud providers?
What is the term used to describe cloud services provided by cloud providers?
What is the benefit of using cloud computing in e-governance?
What is the benefit of using cloud computing in e-governance?
What is the primary characteristic of cloud computing?
What is the primary characteristic of cloud computing?
What is the term used to describe the large distributed data centers that provide cloud services?
What is the term used to describe the large distributed data centers that provide cloud services?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the primary role of cloud providers?
What is the primary role of cloud providers?
What is the primary advantage of using Software as a Service (SaaS)?
What is the primary advantage of using Software as a Service (SaaS)?
What is the key difference between cloud computing and grid computing?
What is the key difference between cloud computing and grid computing?
What do the three main types of cloud services (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) provide to cloud users?
What do the three main types of cloud services (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) provide to cloud users?
What is the role of the software publisher in Software as a Service (SaaS)?
What is the role of the software publisher in Software as a Service (SaaS)?
What is the benefit of multitenancy in cloud computing?
What is the benefit of multitenancy in cloud computing?
What is an example of a company that provides Software as a Service (SaaS)?
What is an example of a company that provides Software as a Service (SaaS)?
What is the primary goal of cloud service providers?
What is the primary goal of cloud service providers?
What is the primary benefit of the cloud service stack?
What is the primary benefit of the cloud service stack?
What is the main reason for the limited spread of personal computers in villages?
What is the main reason for the limited spread of personal computers in villages?
What is the primary advantage of cloud computing in rural areas?
What is the primary advantage of cloud computing in rural areas?
Why are traditional web services not suitable for rural areas?
Why are traditional web services not suitable for rural areas?
What is the benefit of using cloud computing in rural areas?
What is the benefit of using cloud computing in rural areas?
Why do villagers need to own a PC to use traditional web services?
Why do villagers need to own a PC to use traditional web services?
What is the advantage of using cloud computing for rural areas?
What is the advantage of using cloud computing for rural areas?
Why is cloud computing more suitable for rural areas?
Why is cloud computing more suitable for rural areas?
What is the primary goal of using cloud computing in rural areas?
What is the primary goal of using cloud computing in rural areas?
How can data integrity be achieved in S3?
How can data integrity be achieved in S3?
What is the responsibility of Amazon once data is stored in S3?
What is the responsibility of Amazon once data is stored in S3?
What is the purpose of the timestamp in the request in AWS?
What is the purpose of the timestamp in the request in AWS?
What is the flexibility provided by EC2?
What is the flexibility provided by EC2?
What is the platform used by the machines that deliver EC2 services?
What is the platform used by the machines that deliver EC2 services?
What is the advantage of using EC2 based on XEN?
What is the advantage of using EC2 based on XEN?
What is the use of an Access Key ID and a Secret Key in AWS?
What is the use of an Access Key ID and a Secret Key in AWS?
What is the reliability of EC2 computers?
What is the reliability of EC2 computers?
What is the difference between EC2 and S3 security models?
What is the difference between EC2 and S3 security models?
What is the consequence of using SSL with HTTPS to connect to S3?
What is the consequence of using SSL with HTTPS to connect to S3?
What is the primary function of Google App-Engine?
What is the primary function of Google App-Engine?
Which of the following languages is supported by Google App-Engine?
Which of the following languages is supported by Google App-Engine?
What is the type of database used in Google App-Engine?
What is the type of database used in Google App-Engine?
What is a characteristic of Google App-Engine applications?
What is a characteristic of Google App-Engine applications?
What is a benefit of using Google App-Engine?
What is a benefit of using Google App-Engine?
What is the primary advantage of using Google App-Engine for cloud users?
What is the primary advantage of using Google App-Engine for cloud users?
What is the concept described by L.Kleinrock in 1969?
What is the concept described by L.Kleinrock in 1969?
When was the term 'Cloud computing' given prominence by Google's CEO?
When was the term 'Cloud computing' given prominence by Google's CEO?
What is the underlying architecture of cloud computing?
What is the underlying architecture of cloud computing?
What enables cloud computing to serve customers with different needs and workloads on demand?
What enables cloud computing to serve customers with different needs and workloads on demand?
What is the primary characteristic of cloud computing?
What is the primary characteristic of cloud computing?
What is the main benefit of cloud computing from a technical perspective?
What is the main benefit of cloud computing from a technical perspective?
What is the primary driving force behind the evolution of cloud computing?
What is the primary driving force behind the evolution of cloud computing?
What is the concept of cloud computing based on?
What is the concept of cloud computing based on?
What is the benefit of virtualization in cloud computing?
What is the benefit of virtualization in cloud computing?
What is the primary difference between Grid computing and Cloud computing?
What is the primary difference between Grid computing and Cloud computing?
What is the role of Utility computing in Cloud computing?
What is the role of Utility computing in Cloud computing?
What is the benefit of shutting down physical machines in data centers?
What is the benefit of shutting down physical machines in data centers?
What is the primary advantage of using cloud services for IT infrastructure?
What is the primary advantage of using cloud services for IT infrastructure?
What is the purpose of virtualization in Cloud computing?
What is the purpose of virtualization in Cloud computing?
What is the key concept of cloud computing that builds abstraction over physical systems?
What is the key concept of cloud computing that builds abstraction over physical systems?
What is the primary benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the primary benefit of cloud computing for social development?
What is the relation between Grid computing and Cloud computing?
What is the relation between Grid computing and Cloud computing?
What is the term used to describe the payment model used by cloud users?
What is the term used to describe the payment model used by cloud users?
What is the advantage of virtualization in terms of data centers?
What is the advantage of virtualization in terms of data centers?
What is the primary role of cloud providers in cloud computing?
What is the primary role of cloud providers in cloud computing?
What is the purpose of Utility computing in Cloud computing?
What is the purpose of Utility computing in Cloud computing?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud services for business organizations?
What is the primary benefit of using cloud services for business organizations?
What is the term used to describe the model in which cloud services are provided to cloud users?
What is the term used to describe the model in which cloud services are provided to cloud users?
What is the primary advantage of using cloud services for e-governance?
What is the primary advantage of using cloud services for e-governance?
What is the main reason why applications with real-time response and data-intensive capabilities are attracted to cloud?
What is the main reason why applications with real-time response and data-intensive capabilities are attracted to cloud?
Which programming model is used to analyze terabytes of data in cloud?
Which programming model is used to analyze terabytes of data in cloud?
What is the main benefit of cloud computing for business enterprises?
What is the main benefit of cloud computing for business enterprises?
Which of the following is an example of a scientific experiment that requires time-consuming data processing jobs?
Which of the following is an example of a scientific experiment that requires time-consuming data processing jobs?
What do cloud providers often provide separation between?
What do cloud providers often provide separation between?
Why are some desktop applications like Matlab and Mathematic being developed to use cloud computing?
Why are some desktop applications like Matlab and Mathematic being developed to use cloud computing?
What is the primary benefit of cloud computing for scientific community?
What is the primary benefit of cloud computing for scientific community?
What is the main characteristic of cloud computing that makes it attractive to business enterprises?
What is the main characteristic of cloud computing that makes it attractive to business enterprises?
What is the primary goal of e-governance initiatives like Gyan Ganga and E-Gram?
What is the primary goal of e-governance initiatives like Gyan Ganga and E-Gram?
What is a major challenge with traditional systems in e-government?
What is a major challenge with traditional systems in e-government?
How does cloud computing address the issue of scalability?
How does cloud computing address the issue of scalability?
What is a significant advantage of cloud computing in e-governance?
What is a significant advantage of cloud computing in e-governance?
What is a facility provided by E-Gram to rural citizens?
What is a facility provided by E-Gram to rural citizens?
What is a common issue with traditional systems in e-government?
What is a common issue with traditional systems in e-government?
What is a benefit of e-governance initiatives like Gyan Ganga and E-Gram?
What is a benefit of e-governance initiatives like Gyan Ganga and E-Gram?
Why are traditional systems not sufficient for e-government?
Why are traditional systems not sufficient for e-government?
Study Notes
Types of Utility Cloud Services
- Utility computing services can be classified into three main types: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
- These services provide different levels of abstraction and flexibility to cloud users.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
- SaaS is a software delivery model where software applications are provided over the web browser.
- Customers do not need to invest in servers or software licenses.
- The software publisher maintains and runs the necessary hardware and software.
- Examples: Salesforce.com offering on-demand Customer Relationship Management software solutions.
Cloud Storage
- Cloud storage includes Blobs (unstructured data), Tables (structured data), and Queues (message storage for tasks to be performed).
- All data in cloud storage is replicated three times for fault tolerance and backed up in geographically distributed data centers.
SQL Azure
- SQL Azure provides relational databases in the cloud, built on Microsoft SQL Server.
- Data can be accessed via ADO.NET or other Windows data access interfaces.
Windows Azure Fabric
- The Windows Azure fabric manages the machines dedicated to Azure, organized into a fabric, with each machine replicated in 5-7 machines.
E-Governance
- E-governance refers to the processes and structures needed to deliver electronic services to the public, collaborate with business partners, and conduct electronic transactions within an organizational entity.
- Utility computing can greatly improve e-governance by providing 24/7 services, updating web content, building IT skilled resources, securing sensitive data, and maintaining privacy.
Impact of Technology in E-Governance
- 24/7 service model systems require high availability to provide citizens with a sense of government always being at their service.
- Content on the web should be regularly updated and sufficient information provided to the public.
- Human resources require proper training, and security policies must be maintained and designed.
Applications of Cloud Computing in E-Governance
- Cloud computing can facilitate education in remote areas, enable consultation among doctors, and provide access to information hubs for government decision-making.
- Customizing cloud services can provide virtual desktop environments, land revenue data, weather data, and soil information.
Challenges and Opportunities
- Deployment of cloud services in rural areas faces issues such as availability of electricity and networks.
- Initiatives like corDECT, WiFi, and WiMax can provide alternative Internet connectivity options.
- Establishing data centers in rural India can optimize data locality, but cost of power and bandwidth may be a challenge.
- Cloud providers like Reliance, TATA, and Wipro Technologies are providing cloud services in India, with a large scope for applying IT in domestic and rural areas.
Cloud Computing Architecture
- Cloud computing addresses difficulties of large-scale data processing.
Types of Cloud
- There are three types of cloud:
- Private Cloud: maintained within an organization, used solely for internal purposes, and security and network bandwidth are not critical issues.
- Public Cloud: an organization rents cloud services from cloud providers on-demand basis, using a utility computing model.
- Hybrid Cloud: composed of multiple internal or external clouds, used when an organization moves to public cloud computing from its internal private cloud.
Cloud Stakeholders
- There are three types of stakeholders:
- Cloud providers: provide cloud services to cloud users.
- Cloud users: use cloud services to develop their products and deliver them to end users.
- End users: use the products developed by cloud users.
Advantages of Using Cloud
- Cloud services provide technical, architectural, and business advantages.
- Cloud services are provided as utility services, using a pay-as-you-go business model.
- Cloud users can reduce their expenditure and effort in IT by using cloud services.
- Cloud computing is built on top of grid services, providing virtual images of physical machines in data centers.
- Cloud applications are gaining popularity due to their availability, reliability, scalability, and utility model.
Cloud Architecture
- Cloud providers have physical data centers to provide virtualized services to users through the internet.
- Cloud providers separate application and data, allowing users to control the entire software stack.
- Cloud architecture has two components: EC2 for computing and S3 for storage.
- Simple Storage Service (S3) is a globally available distributed hash table with high-level access control.
- S3 stores data in name-value pairs, with metadata for each object.
- S3 has impressive support for privacy, integrity, and short-term availability.
Cloud Computing Services
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides cloud computing services, including S3.
- Azure is a cloud computing platform that scales applications by running multiple instances without affinity with a particular web role instance.
- Azure provides a storage service, allowing applications to store data in different types, including blobs.
- Azure provides logging and monitoring capabilities, making it easy to collect performance-related information.
- Azure does not allow developers to use their own VM image, and applications run only in user mode, with no administrative access.
Cloud Services
- Cloud services are provided to users as utility services like water, electricity, and telephone using a pay-as-you-use business model.
- These utility services are described as XaaS (X as a Service), where X can be Software, Platform, Infrastructure, etc.
Cloud Characteristics
- Cloud computing allows users to build applications on the internet and deliver them to end-users without worrying about installing, maintaining hardware and software.
- Users only pay for what they use, reducing their expenditure and effort in IT.
- Cloud computing is built on top of large distributed data centers, which are often organized as a grid.
- Virtualization is a key concept of cloud computing, allowing users to access virtual images of physical machines in data centers.
Types of Cloud Services
- There are three main types of cloud services: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
- These services provide different levels of abstraction and flexibility to users.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
- SaaS involves delivering software applications over the web to thousands of customers using a multitenant architecture.
- No upfront investment is required in servers or software licensing for customers.
- The software publisher runs and maintains all necessary hardware and software.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- IaaS provides users with virtual machines running on top of the XEN platform.
- Users can store a disk image inside S3 and create a virtual machine in EC2 using tools provided by Amazon.
- Machines that deliver EC2 services are virtual machines running on top of the XEN platform.
Security
- Amazon has an impressive scheme of authentication, including Access Key ID, Secret Key, and HMAC.
- Users can use SSL with HTTPS to connect to S3 for more security, but this increases upload/download time.
- Data integrity can be achieved by checking end-to-end MD5 checking.
Google App-Engine
- Google App-Engine is a platform for developing and deploying web applications in Google's architecture.
- It provides Platform as a Service to cloud users.
- Languages supported by Google App-Engine include Python, Java, and any extension of JVM languages.
- App-Engine requires developers to use only supported languages and APIs.
Benefits of Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing allows for automatic scalability and persistent data storage services.
- Applications are easy to scale, and users don't have to worry about spikes in traffic or data.
- Cloud computing can provide access to recent technology and enhance the standard of living in rural areas.
- It solves the issues of upfront commitment, maintenance, and upgradation of software or hardware.
Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing is a paradigm of distributed computing that allows consumers to obtain computing power on demand.
- The concept of cloud computing has been around since 1969, but it was first termed by Google's CEO Eric Schmidt in 2006.
- Cloud computing is an evolution of grid computing, using virtualization and new business, technical, and social perspectives.
Basics of Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing is a bunch of commodity computers networked together in the same or different geographical locations, operating together to serve customers with different needs and workloads on demand.
- Cloud services are provided to users as utility services, like water, electricity, and telephone, using a pay-as-you-use business model.
- Cloud users don't have to worry about installing, maintaining hardware and software, and can reduce their expenditure and effort in IT.
Cloud Architecture
- Cloud providers have physical data centers to provide virtualized services to users through the Internet.
- Virtualization enables the migration of virtual images from one physical machine to another, allowing for optimization and backup in different locations.
- Cloud providers often provide separation between application and data, and can shut down some physical machines to reduce power consumption.
Comparison between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing
- Cloud architectures are built on Grid architecture and utilize its services.
- Grid computing is a form of distributed computing architecture where organizations owning data centers collaborate with each other to have mutual benefits.
- Although cloud computing seems similar to grid computing, there are substantial differences between them.
Relation between Cloud Computing and Utility Computing
- Cloud users enjoy utility computing models for interacting with cloud service providers.
- Utility computing is the aggregation of computing resources as a metered service, similar to traditional public utilities.
- Cloud computing is one of the options for providing utility computing to users.
Applications of Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing is useful for solving social issues, such as E-Governance in developing countries.
- Cloud computing provides high availability, reliability, and scalability, making it suitable for interactive applications with real-time response.
- Parallel batch processing is inherently supported by cloud computing, making it suitable for analyzing large amounts of data.
- Cloud computing is useful for scientific experiments, such as the Large Hadron Collider, and for discovering customer needs and buying patterns.
Benefits of Cloud Computing in E-Governance
- Cloud computing addresses the disadvantages of traditional systems in E-Governance, such as application life cycle management, software licensing, scalability, and security.
- Cloud computing provides scalability, reliability, and high availability, making it suitable for E-Governance applications.
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Identify the types of utility cloud services and their characteristics. Learn about IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS and their levels of abstraction and flexibility.
