Cloud Computing Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one significant characteristic of Web 2.0 applications compared to traditional applications?

Web 2.0 applications are extremely dynamic, continuously improving and integrating new updates based on user interaction.

How do Web 2.0 applications utilize loose coupling?

Loose coupling allows new applications to be synthesized by composing and integrating existing services, providing added value.

What role does user-generated content play in Web 2.0 applications?

User-generated content is crucial as it drives the interaction and services provided, enriching the application experience.

Which technologies help enhance the interactivity of Websites in the context of Web 2.0?

Technologies like AJAX and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) significantly enhance user interactivity on Web 2.0 Websites. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by leveraging the 'long tail' of internet users in Web 2.0 applications?

Leveraging the 'long tail' means making applications accessible and affordable to a wider audience, not just the majority. Signup and view all the answers

How does cloud computing relate to Web 2.0?

Cloud computing supports Web 2.0 by providing a platform for dynamic applications that enhance user interaction. Signup and view all the answers

Can you name two Web 2.0 applications and their primary functions?

Google Documents facilitates collaborative document editing, while YouTube allows users to upload and share video content. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of lightweight deployment models in Web 2.0 applications?

Lightweight deployment models allow for quick updates and improved user experiences without needing complex software installations. Signup and view all the answers

How has cloud computing transformed the deployment of systems in terms of time and maintenance costs?

Cloud computing enables systems to be deployed in hours rather than days and incurs virtually no maintenance costs. Signup and view all the answers

What obstacles have limited the use of cloud computing to single or related services from one vendor?

The lack of effective standardization efforts made it difficult to migrate services between different vendors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the long-term vision for cloud computing regarding the trading of IT services?

The long-term vision is for IT services to be traded as utilities in an open market without technological and legal barriers. Signup and view all the answers

Why do different stakeholders leverage clouds, and what is the most common reason?

Different stakeholders leverage clouds for various services, with the most common reason being the need for ubiquitous storage and compute power on demand. Signup and view all the answers

What is envisioned as a solution for automating the discovery of cloud services?

A global digital market is envisioned where users can enter requests to find matching cloud computing services seamlessly. Signup and view all the answers

How does web-based access to documents and processing applications benefit end users?

Web-based access enables users to manage and process documents using sophisticated applications from anywhere. Signup and view all the answers

What potential advantages could a global platform for trading cloud services provide to service providers?

Such a platform could enhance visibility for service providers, potentially increasing their revenue. Signup and view all the answers

What does WSDL stand for, and what is its primary purpose?

WSDL stands for Web Service Description Language, and its primary purpose is to define the characteristics and methods of a web service. Signup and view all the answers

What major change would enable the integration of cloud resources into existing software systems?

Automation of the service discovery process through a global marketplace would allow for seamless integration. Signup and view all the answers

How does SOAP facilitate interaction with web services?

SOAP facilitates interaction by providing a protocol for invoking web service methods and collecting results. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) play in web services?

The W3C controls the standards and specifications concerning web services. Signup and view all the answers

Name two architectural frameworks commonly used for developing web services.

Two commonly used architectural frameworks for developing web services are ASP.NET and Axis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of utility computing in modern cloud services?

Utility computing signifies a pay-per-use model for computing resources, making computing services more accessible and cost-effective. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the early vision of computing as a utility, and when was this mentioned?

John McCarthy is credited with this vision, which he mentioned in a speech in 1961 at MIT. Signup and view all the answers

What historical models foreshadowed the utility computing model?

The mainframe era, where organizations rented computing power from IBM, foreshadowed utility computing. Signup and view all the answers

In what way has service-oriented computing (SOC) contributed to cloud computing?

SOC has contributed by enabling the development of distributed services that can be easily composed and integrated. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms in which virtual storage is delivered?

Raw disk space and object store. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of service providers in Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions?

To provide scalability and manage fault tolerance. Signup and view all the answers

How does Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) differ from desktop applications?

SaaS applications are hosted on the provider's infrastructure and accessed through a browser. Signup and view all the answers

What types of users typically seek Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) solutions?

Users who want to build dynamically scalable computing systems with a specific software stack. Signup and view all the answers

What does virtual networking manage in cloud computing?

The networking among virtual instances and their connectivity to the Internet or private networks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of middleware in PaaS solutions?

To create the abstract environment where applications are deployed and executed. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of SaaS, how is user interaction managed to ensure isolation?

User interactions are isolated from each other despite sharing the same application. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of leveraging APIs and libraries provided by a service provider in PaaS?

It allows users to efficiently develop applications without managing the underlying infrastructure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) in resource management?

IaaS allows users to add and remove computing resources effectively based on demand. Signup and view all the answers

How do Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions control resource provisioning?

PaaS solutions use algorithms and rules that can be either transparent or allow for fine control by developers. Signup and view all the answers

What role do Web 2.0 technologies play in cloud computing?

Web 2.0 technologies provide the interface for delivering, managing, and provisioning cloud services. Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym XaaS stand for in cloud computing?

XaaS stands for 'Everything-as-a-Service', highlighting the service-oriented nature of cloud computing. Signup and view all the answers

Why is virtualization considered a core feature of cloud infrastructure?

Virtualization allows multiple virtual environments to run on a single physical system, optimizing resource usage. Signup and view all the answers

What should developers consider regarding virtualization technology in cloud applications?

Developers need to understand the limitations of virtualization technology and its impact on system volatility. Signup and view all the answers

How does cloud computing address surges in demand for computing resources?

Cloud computing replicates components of systems under stress to manage high demand effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key elements that guide the design of systems based on cloud computing?

Dynamism, scale, and volatility of components are critical considerations in cloud systems design. Signup and view all the answers

What type of applications may benefit from cloud computing due to their resource needs being temporary?

Resource-intensive applications, such as scientific applications, can benefit from cloud computing as their resource needs are not constant or long-term. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the main characteristics of resource-intensive applications as mentioned in the content.

Resource-intensive applications are typically non-interactive and characterized by batch processing. Signup and view all the answers

How does cloud computing facilitate scalability for applications?

Cloud computing enables scalability by providing methods for renting compute power, storage, and networking as needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of representational state transfer (REST) in cloud computing?

REST provides a simple Web interface through which developers can access cloud services. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the core technologies that enable cloud service provisioning.

The core technologies for cloud service provisioning include distributed computing, virtualization, service orientation, and Web 2.0. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge developers face in cloud computing environments?

A major challenge is the extreme dynamism where new nodes and services are provisioned on demand. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of middleware in cloud computing.

Middleware addresses the challenges of dynamic resource provisioning and integration within cloud computing systems. Signup and view all the answers

Why is cloud computing considered a solution for temporary high computing capacity needs?

Cloud computing offers on-demand resource access, allowing organizations to scale up computing power only when required. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module 1

Computing is being transformed into a utility-based model
Users access services based on their needs, regardless of location
Cloud computing is the latest paradigm
Cloud computing focuses on how systems are designed, applications developed, and existing services used
Cloud computing offers dynamic provisioning of services: computing, storage, network and IT infrastructure
Resources are made available on a pay-per-use basis through the internet from cloud vendors
Cloud usage allows scaling infrastructure up or down, in hours, and users only pay for the used resources
Cloud computing offers dynamic scaling of resources and infrastructure, fitting different business needs
Users do not need to deeply understand the infrastructure needed by their applications
Utility computing concepts are similar to water, electricity, and telephony

Cloud computing significantly transforms organizational management of technological resources by enabling internet access to computing power, storage, and applications without heavy hardware investments.

Leonard Kleinrock, an internet pioneer, envisioned "computer utilities" in 1969
This vision anticipated the massive transformation of the computing industry in the 21st century
Cloud services are now readily accessible on demand
Users pay providers for the services they use

Vision of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing allows anyone with a credit card to provision virtual hardware, runtime environments, and services
This is used for as needed without upfront costs
Cloud computing removes IT maintenance burden from the user
Cloud computing delivers IT services as utilities
Cloud computing is a way of trading IT services as utilities in an open market

Defining a Cloud

Cloud computing is a popular term, encompassing various concepts
These concepts include virtualized infrastructure, hardware on demand, utility computing, IT outsourcing and other related areas
Cloud computing systems are now widely used in numerous contexts
Cloud computing is a model that allows easily accessing computing resources from anywhere through the internet-based network
Users can provision these resources and pay as they need

A Closer Look

Cloud computing helps various organizations create more effective computing systems
Examples are large enterprises like the New York Times, or smaller companies, and research organizations
Cloud computing facilitates the ability to access and edit data from anywhere and any device

Cloud Deployment Models

Public, private, and hybrid clouds are major deployment methods
Public clouds provide infrastructure (eg., virtualized datacenters) to anyone on a subscription basis
Private clouds mirror public clouds, but on a company's own infrastructure
Hybrid clouds utilize both public and private cloud resources

Cloud Computing Reference Model

The Cloud Computing Reference Model depicts various cloud services in a layered structure
The basic structure is Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Historical Developments

Computing grids, mainframe computing, cluster computing, and grid computing have influenced cloud computing
Mainframes: Large, powerful, highly reliable computers used for large data processing tasks
Clusters: Commodity computers, connected together forming a single system, cheaper than mainframes. used for parallel and high-performance computing
Grids: A further evolution of clusters, able to distribute resources to multiple locations
Web 2.0 and service-oriented computing have contributed and shaped the cloud environment

Virtualization

Virtualization enables different computing environments simulation of hardware interface expected by an operating system
Virtualization makes it possible to co-habit different software stacks on top of the same computer hardware
Creating isolated virtual machin instances, running separately and providing high-performance servers with multiple instances

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 is the primary interface of cloud computing services
Web 2.0 applications are extremely dynamic with new updates constantly
Web 2.0 applications are able to use multiple devices such as phones, dashboards, and TVs
Web 2.0 applications emphasize interaction and are lightweight
Web 2.0 leverages user feedback to continuously improve and add features.

Service-Oriented Computing

Services are the core reference model
The main structure and building blocks are services composed of distributed tasks
Service-oriented computing allows ease of access to services from various devices and in different locations
The key concept is that services are independent of platforms

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Description

Explore the transformative model of cloud computing in this quiz. Learn about the concepts of utility-based computing and the dynamic provisioning of services that redefine how users access resources. Understand the benefits of cloud computing for businesses and its historical context.

Cloud Computing Overview - Module 1

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