Cloud Computing Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a key benefit of cloud computing in terms of processing effort?

Enhanced hardware performance requirements

Ability to run complex calculations remotely (correct)

Increased local device capability

Reduced reliance on data centers

Which statement accurately describes the nature of cloud computing?

It eliminates the need for Internet connectivity.

It requires installation of software on local devices.

It allows users to run applications via the Internet. (correct)

Applications and data are stored locally on user devices.

Why is downtime significant in evaluating cloud computing services?

It affects the number of applications available.

It directly impacts service quality and user experience. (correct)

It indicates a higher risk of data theft.

It determines the cost of service subscriptions.

How is cloud computing commonly represented in diagrams?

By using a cloud symbol. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern related to cloud computing?

Security of data and applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of cloud computing provides physical server boxes?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of cloud computing?

Requires a high-speed Internet connection for access Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of Software as a Service (SaaS)?

It offers business functionality without user management Signup and view all the answers

What potential cost concern may arise with cloud computing over time?

Subscription fees exceeding buying hardware Signup and view all the answers

How does cloud computing address software licensing issues?

By moving licensing to the data center level Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if a client computer crashes while using cloud services?

Minimal data loss due to cloud storage Signup and view all the answers

One of the largest proponents of cloud computing is which company?

Google Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cloud computing?

Automatic local system updates Signup and view all the answers

How long would a classical computer take to break RSA 2048-bit encryption with one trillion operations per second?

300 trillion years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of quantum computing over classical computing?

It can complete tasks in a fraction of the time. Signup and view all the answers

In what amount of time did Google's quantum computer Sycamore solve a problem that would take the fastest classical supercomputer 10,000 years?

200 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What was the main flaw in Sessa's request for a reward related to chess?

The king underestimated the amount needed. Signup and view all the answers

What would be required to store the state of a quantum computer with 100 qubits?

Every atom of planet Earth. Signup and view all the answers

According to current estimates, how many operations per second does a quantum computer require to break RSA 2048-bit encryption in just 10 seconds?

1 million operations per second Signup and view all the answers

How many qubits did Google's Sycamore processor have, functioning effectively?

53 qubits Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the point when quantum computers surpass classical computers in capabilities?

Quantum supremacy Signup and view all the answers

How many possible states can n bits represent?

$2^n$ possible states, one at a time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a qubit?

It has the ability to represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What concept in quantum mechanics allows qubits to exist in multiple states at once?

Superposition Signup and view all the answers

According to Holevo's theorem, how much information can n qubits carry?

At most n classical bits are accessible. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between a classic bit and a qubit during a quantum computation?

A qubit can exist in a superposition of states. Signup and view all the answers

How many classical bits are required to represent the same number of states as 2 qubits?

4 classical bits Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major concerns regarding cloud computing?

The potential unavailability of remote servers. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is changing the Internet from a place to read web pages to one where users can run software applications.
The term 'cloud' is derived from how the Internet is often represented in network diagrams.
Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in Internet computing; software is treated as a service, and applications/data reside on multiple servers accessible via the Internet.
Cloud computing moves processing from local devices to data centers.
Any device (like a phone) can solve complex equations by sending arguments to a data center service, receiving results quickly.
Security of data and applications is a crucial issue with cloud computing.
Cloud computing consists of three layers:
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): physical server boxes.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS): hosted application/framework/tools allowing users to build things on their platform.
- Software as a Service (SaaS): vendor-managed business functionality; users don't need to manage services themselves.
Quality of service is critical for successful cloud computing
- Downtime is a major concern, affecting success
- 99.9999% uptime is a common target.
Cloud computing advantages include:
- Minimal hardware requirements (e.g. mobile phones)
- Centralization of software licensing
- Lower or no costs for hardware upgrades.
- Flexibility in device types (users can use different devices with Internet access).
Cloud computing disadvantages include:
- Requires an active Internet connection
- High-speed connections may be needed for certain applications
- Long-term subscription fees may be more expensive than buying hardware.
- Data/application security is a major concern because data is stored on remote servers that can experience failures without notice
- Backups are critical for cloud computing security and service quality.

Quantum Computing

Quantum computers utilize quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics explains the motion and interaction of subatomic particles (photons, electrons).
A bit has two outcomes (0/1).
A qubit can exist in multiple states at once (both 0 and 1) thanks to superposition., holding up to two bits of data.
n qubits can hold 2^n possible states at once.
64 bits can represent 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 different states.
Regular computers can only process one state at a time, making certain calculations very time-consuming
Quantum computers can handle all those states simultaneously, providing speed advantages
Quantum supremacy was demonstrated in 2019, where Google's Sycamore quantum computer solved a complex problem in 200 seconds that would take the world's fastest supercomputer around 10,000 years
Google's Sycamore is a 53-qubit processor ( one was not working)
Quantum computers are important because they can handle computations that are too complex for conventional computer
The problem of encryption and cryptography will change with the presence of quantum computers.
- Breaking widely used RSA 2048-bit encryption, requires a classical computer a very long time, on the order of trillions of years, with current technology
- A quantum computer, however, can do it in just 10 seconds with modest computational power

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Description

Explore the transformative nature of cloud computing and its impact on how we use software applications over the Internet. This quiz covers the fundamentals of cloud services, including IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, as well as important security considerations. Test your understanding of this essential technology trend.