30 Questions
What does the ACM Computing Curricula 2005 define as 'computing'?
Processing and managing various kinds of information
Which of the following is one of the roles of computing according to the text?
Creating and using communications media
What are some key components of the Cloud Computing Architecture mentioned in the text?
Database and Data Stores in Cloud
Which model in Cloud Computing provides 'Platform as a Service' (PaaS)?
Platform as a Service(PaaS)
What is a key aspect of Service Management in Cloud Computing?
Service Level Agreements(SLAs)
What aspect of Cloud Computing involves looking at Data, Scalability & Cloud Services?
Data Management
What is the main reason for opting for distributed computing in applications?
To reduce the time taken for computing tasks
What type of computing does Grid Computing represent?
Peer-to-peer computing
In distributed applications, what does 'Peer-to-Peer' computing indicate?
Processes distributed across a network of machines
Why is it important to have No Single Point Of Failure (SPOF) in distributed computing?
To allow other nodes to take over tasks of a failed node
Which type of application typically consists of a set of processes distributed across a network to solve common problems?
'Peer-to-Peer' applications
What represents a movement towards more distributed applications in the context of computing?
'Peer-to-Peer' computing
What is one of the key operational benefits of clustering according to the text?
Hardware fault tolerance
Why are clusters usually deployed over a single computer?
To improve speed and/or reliability
What is one of the key characteristics of cluster nodes mentioned in the text?
Hardware redundancy
Which type of cluster involves adding servers to the cluster or adding more clusters to the network?
High Availability Cluster
What is one of the key components mentioned in building blocks of clusters?
Cluster Network
How does clustering contribute to system availability according to the text?
By offering inherent high system availability through redundancy
Which field of computing science studies distributed systems?
Centralized Computing
What is the main reason for interest in cloud computing?
Reduced IT costs
What is the main characteristic of a distributed system according to the text?
Autonomous computational entities communicating through message passing
Why is provisioning for peak capacity a necessity within private data centers?
To meet demand spikes
What is a significant advantage of public clouds from an end user perspective?
Potentially infinite capacity
Which type of computing can be referred to as centralized computing?
Centralized vs. Distributed Computing
In the comparison of in-house servers and cloud servers, what does the 'Efficiency' parameter represent?
Utilization rate
What communication method do processors in a distributed system use to interact?
Message passing
Which trend in computing focuses on studying Fog Computing as mentioned in the text?
Cloud Computing
What is a key benefit that public clouds offer to end users in terms of hardware procurement?
No need for separate hardware procurement
Why do normal applications need to be adapted to execute on Amazon's cloud platforms?
Because Amazon uses its own DB system and workflow system
What is the term used to describe early computing performed on a single processor?
Centralized Computing
Study Notes
Cluster Computing
- Clusters are deployed to improve speed and/or reliability over a single computer, while being cost-effective.
- A typical cluster consists of:
- Network: Faster and closer connection than a typical LAN.
- Low-latency communication protocols.
- Loosely coupled nodes (unlike SMP).
Types of Clusters
- High Availability or Failover Clusters.
- Load Balancing Cluster.
- Parallel/Distributed Processing Clusters.
Cluster Components
- Cluster Nodes.
- Cluster Network.
- Network Characterization.
Key Operational Benefits of Clustering
- System availability: inherent high system availability due to redundancy of hardware, OS, and applications.
- Hardware fault tolerance: redundancy for most system components (e.g., disk-RAID).
- OS and application reliability: running multiple copies of OS and applications.
- Scalability: adding servers or clusters as needed.
- High performance: running cluster-enabled programs.
Utility Computing
- Purely a concept, practically implemented in cloud computing.
Cloud Computing
- Defined by the ACM Computing Curricula 2005 as any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers.
Cloud Computing Overview
- Cloud computing stack:
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
- Platform as a Service (PaaS).
- Software as a Service (SaaS).
- Deployment Models.
- Service Management in Cloud Computing:
- Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
- Cloud Economics.
- Resource Management in Cloud Computing.
- Data Management in Cloud Computing:
- Scalability and Cloud Services.
- Database and Data Stores in Cloud.
Why Distributed Computing?
- Nature of application:
- Performance: computing-intensive tasks.
- Data-intensive tasks: large amounts of data processing.
- Robustness: no Single Point of Failure (SPOF).
Distributed Applications
- Consist of a set of processes distributed across a network of machines, working together to solve a common problem.
- Applications that consist of a set of distributed processes.
Grid Computing
- A form of networking for large-scale data processing.
Cloud Security
- Infrastructure Security.
- Data Security and Storage.
- Identity and Access Management.
- Access Control, Trust, Reputation, Risk.
Evolution of Cloud Computing
- Business drivers for adopting cloud computing:
- Reducing IT costs.
- Scalyability and rapid resource provisioning.
- Economics of cloud computing:
- In-house server vs. cloud server costs.
- Efficiency and cost-effectiveness of cloud computing.
Benefits of Cloud Computing
- High utilization.
- Scalability.
- No separate hardware procurement.
- No separate power cost.
- No separate IT infrastructure administration/maintenance required.
- Public clouds offer user-friendly SLA by offering high availability (~99%) and compensation in case of SLA miss.
Test your knowledge on the overview of cloud computing with this quiz by Prof. Soumya K.Ghosh from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at IIT Kharagpur. Explore key concepts related to computing in the context of cloud technology.
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