Cloud Computing Features Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which aspect of cloud computing allows users to obtain resources without human assistance?

  • On-demand self service (correct)
  • Measured services
  • Broad network access
  • Resource pooling

    • What does rapid elasticity in cloud computing entail?

  • Fixed resource allocation
  • Temporary service outages
  • Shrink and grow capabilities (correct)
  • Sustained resource availability

    • How does resource pooling benefit cloud computing services?

  • It enhances individual resource ownership.
  • It eliminates the need for network access.
  • It dynamically assigns resources based on demand. (correct)
  • It provides fixed resources for each user.

    • Which characteristic ensures that cloud services can be accessed from various devices?

    <p>Broad network access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of measured services in cloud computing?

    <p>To monitor and report resource usage transparently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?

    <p>Automatic updates and minimal administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud service model primarily targets application developers?

    <p>Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage associated with Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)?

    <p>Potential for platform lock-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Cloud computing from earlier computing models?

    <p>Emphasis on utility computing and resource sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of using Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?

    <p>Vendor lock-in and potentially high costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which was the first major cloud service to be widely utilized?

    <p>Amazon AWS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When referring to Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), which of the following components is typically included?

    <p>Managed operating system environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target audience for Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?

    <p>End users accessing applications via the web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key technology that facilitates Cloud computing?

    <p>Virtualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a method to handle many users in a Cloud application?

    <p>Deploying collections of small, independent services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tradeoff commonly considered in Cloud database management?

    <p>Consistency vs. performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the independent services within a Cloud application architecture?

    <p>Micro-services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of managing multiple users' data in Cloud applications?

    <p>Big Data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advanced topic in IaaS systems management?

    <p>Infrastructure automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes OS-level virtualization from machine virtualization?

    <p>Shares the host OS among multiple containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of a traditional single-machine application in the Cloud?

    <p>It is likely to face scalability issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has the highest electricity consumption in billion kWh?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rank of the global IT sector in terms of electricity demand compared to countries?

    <p>Third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of electricity consumption does not exceed that of the IT sector?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect has historically dominated the electricity consumption in the IT sector?

    <p>Manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has a lower electricity consumption than the IT sector?

    <p>Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of global IT sector electricity demand is heavily dependent on coal?

    <p>More than 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has contributed to smaller and more energy-efficient personal electronic devices?

    <p>Advancements in technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total electricity consumption of the IT sector in 2012?

    <p>1817 billion kWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IaaS primarily provide?

    <p>Virtualized IT resources including servers and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using IaaS?

    <p>Complexity and maintenance requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud deployment model is characterized by services rendered on a third-party data center?

    <p>Public Clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Private Clouds?

    <p>Hosted infrastructure for a single organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern for businesses using Public Clouds?

    <p>Security and privacy of sensitive data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virtualization does IaaS potentially use when deploying virtual machines?

    <p>OS-level virtualization through containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of user primarily targets IaaS resources?

    <p>IT infrastructure managers and developers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a Private Cloud?

    <p>Lower overall infrastructure costs regardless of usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of global electricity consumption was accounted for by the IT sector in 2012?

    <p>7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what percentage is the IT sector projected to grow its electricity consumption annually through 2030?

    <p>7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a main component of electricity consumption for the IT sector in 2012?

    <p>Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage of electricity consumption by Data Centers in 2017?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the IT sector's electricity consumption was associated with Devices in 2012?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the overall trend in electricity consumption for the IT sector from 2012 to 2017?

    <p>Increased in Devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2017, what was the percentage of electricity consumed by Networks in the IT sector?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total electricity consumption did Manufacturing represent in the IT sector in 2012?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the growth rate of electricity demand in the IT sector compared to the global average?

    <p>It's higher than the global average.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the projected percentage of global electricity consumption by the IT sector by 2017?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Cloud Computing
    • Course Code: LINFO2145
    • Instructor: Pr. Etienne Rivière
    • Email: [email protected]
    • University: UCL (Université catholique de Louvain)

    What is Cloud Computing?

    • Brainstorm keywords associated with cloud computing (technologies, methods, concepts, etc.)
    • Limit keywords to 18 characters
    • Vote on existing proposals or suggest new ones
    • Participation link: https://app.wooclap.com/NIEBPN
    • Alternative participation method: Send @LHFXQN to 0460 200 711

    Cloud Computing: A Definition

    • Computing services provided remotely over the internet
    • A delivery model
    • Diverse range of scenarios

    Possible NIST Definition

    • On-demand self-service: Access resources without human interaction
    • Broad network access: Access via various devices (mobile, laptops, tablets, workstations)
    • Resource pooling: Dynamic assignment of physical and virtual resources based on demand
    • Rapid elasticity: Scalable capacity increases and decreases.
    • Measured services: Transparent monitoring, control, and reporting of resource usage

    Journey to the Cloud

    • Timeline highlighting key developments in cloud computing:
      • 1980s - Early Infrastructure
      • 1990s - Grid computing emergence
      • 2000s - Utility computing, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), salesforces.com
      • 2006 - Amazon Web Services (AWS)
      • 2010 - Rise of Cloud computing, web 2.0
    • This timeline highlights how cloud computing developed over time.

    Cloud Service Models (SPI)

    • SaaS (Software as a Service): Hosted applications (e.g., Gmail, Salesforce, Office 365, zoom, Overleaf)
      • Advantages: ease of use and little administration
      • Disadvantages: vendor lock-in, high costs
      • Target: end users
    • PaaS (Platform as a Service): Managed operating system, support services, environments (e.g., Heroku, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, amazon web services™)
      • Advantages: focus on development
      • Disadvantages: platform lock-in when the application scales
      • Target: application developers
    • IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Hosting of servers, resources (e.g., IBM SmartCloud, Rackspace, Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine)
      • Advantages: flexibility, full control, privacy
      • Disadvantages: maintenance and complexity
      • Target: IT infrastructure managers and developers

    Cloud Deployment Models

    • Public Cloud: Infrastructure owned by a third-party on a public network (e.g., Amazon, Rackspace)
      • Advantages: Cost-effectiveness, no maintenance
      • Disadvantages: Security and privacy risks
    • Private Cloud: Infrastructure hosted by a single organization (e.g., for internal use within an organization)
      • Advantages: Security, Control of infrastructure and sensitive data
      • Disadvantages: Cost of maintenance, potential for underutilization
    • Hybrid Cloud: Combination of private and public cloud infrastructure.
      • Advantages: combines the security of private with accessibility of public cloud
      • Disadvantages: operational/integration complexity
    • Diagram illustrates these models.

    Cloud Infrastructure: Data Centers

    • Cloud infrastructure is housed in data centers.
    • Large-scale computing facilities. Key players in the market include AWS, Microsoft, Azure, Google, Meta, Apple. -Diagram displays major providers.

    Energy Impact

    • Charts show electricity consumption trends in the IT sector over time (2012, 2017).
    • Electricity consumption is presented as a country.

    Course Overview

    • Learning objectives for the course.
      • Programming large applications
      • Understanding software engineering
      • Cloud resource and infrastructure management
      • Handling massive user bases efficiently
      • Handling massive data usage efficiently

    Part A: Enabling Technologies

    • Virtualization is a key technology in cloud computing for the sharing of physical resources among multiple users.
      • Machine virtualization
      • OS-level virtualization (containers)
    • Topics include virtualization, machine management and operating system management from various application management.

    Part B: Building Scalable Applications

    • How to create apps that scale in the cloud efficiently
    • Collections of small independent services (micro-services)
    • Replicable services
    • Scalable cloud-based databases
    • Replicating data for availability

    Part C: Big Data Processing

    • Analyzing user generated data (history, mobile data, usage)
    • Derive value from the data
    • New paradigms for data processing (volume, velocity)

    Advanced Topics

    • Building fault-tolerant cloud services and applications
    • Cloud DevOps practices
    • Addressing security and privacy in cloud computing
    • Blockchains and decentralization in cloud environments

    Practical Information

    • Course schedule (lectures, practical sessions)
    • Contact information for instructors and assistants
    • The course uses Moodle to share course materials

    Semester Project

    • Web store design and implementation, focused on cloud backend development
    • Implementing features leveraging big data processing
    • Teamwork required, projects done in pairs.

    Tutorials

    • Tutorials available, support the project development.
    • Tutorials for bootstrapping
    • using virtual machines
    • using Docker containers
    • Cloud databases, and how to use Kubernetes
    • Tutorials are not graded.
    • Participants can work alone or in groups of two.

    Online Quizzes

    • Quizzes on Moodle every 1-2 weeks
    • Quizzes cover lecture and practical sessions
    • Peer-review process for graded quizzes
    • Quizzes contribute 10% of the mark

    Grading and Evaluation

    • First session projects count for 45%, final exams for 45% quizzes for 10%.
      • Second session projects count for 45%, final exams for 55%, no quizzes.

    General Comments

    • Encourage feedback from learners
    • Issues with tutorials should be reported early
    • Active participation in the course is encouraged

    ###GitHub

    • Tutorials and starter code for the course project will be on GitHub
    • Requires students to create a private GitHub repositories.
    • Students use GitHub for managing project code
    • Students are expected to provide their GitHub identifiers/links via the course Moodle platform.
    • Real names are also required.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key characteristics of cloud computing! This quiz covers essential topics such as resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and the significance of measured services. Assess your understanding of how these features enable seamless and efficient cloud service delivery.

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