Closed-Angle Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Signs

Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Closed-angle glaucoma, also known as angle closure glaucoma, is a type of eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure due to a blockage in the normal flow of fluid through the eye. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing blindness associated with closed-angle glaucoma. This article explores key aspects of closed-angle glaucoma, focusing on its diagnosis through gonioscopy, signs such as hyperemic conjunctiva and cloudy cornea, high intraocular pressure, and changes in the optic disk.

Gonioscopy

Gonioscopy is a diagnostic procedure used by eye doctors to examine the angle between the iris and cornea. In closed-angle glaucoma, the angle is narrowed or closed, causing a decrease in the fluid flow from the eye and an increase in intraocular pressure.

Hyperemic Conjunctiva

Hyperemia refers to a condition where the blood vessels in the conjunctiva, the thin layer of tissue lining the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eye, become swollen and dilated. In closed-angle glaucoma, hyperemia can occur due to a decrease in blood flow to the eye, which is a result of high intraocular pressure.

Intraocular Pressure

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the pressure exerted on the internal structures of the eye, including the crystalline lens and vitreous humor. In closed-angle glaucoma, IOP is elevated due to the blockage of aqueous humor outflow from the eye. High IOP can cause damage to the optic nerve and result in vision loss.

Cloudy Cornea

A cloudy cornea, also known as a cataract, can occur as a result of closed-angle glaucoma. This is due to the high IOP causing damage to the eye, leading to the formation of cataracts over time.

Optic Disk

The optic disk is a small, round spot located at the back of the eye. It is where the optic nerve leaves the eye to send visual information to the brain. In closed-angle glaucoma, high IOP can damage the optic nerve, leading to changes in the appearance of the optic disk. These changes can include cupping, where the optic disk appears sunken, or hemorrhages, where blood vessels in the optic disk are damaged.

In summary, closed-angle glaucoma is a serious eye condition characterized by high intraocular pressure due to a blockage in the normal flow of fluid through the eye. Diagnosis involves gonioscopy to examine the angle between the iris and cornea, along with observing signs such as hyperemic conjunctiva and cloudy cornea, and changes in the optic disk. Early detection and management are critical for preventing blindness associated with closed-angle glaucoma.