Cloning Breakdown
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental aspects of developmental biology?

  • Morphogenesis
  • Cell division
  • Cell differentiation
  • Cellular Differentiation (correct)

    • What are the different sources of stem cells?

  • Embryonic, adult, and mesenchymal stem cells
  • Embryonic, tissue, and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells
  • Embryonic, adult, and hematopoietic stem cells
  • Embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells (correct)

    • Which stage of human development is characterized by the presence of an inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm?

  • Fetus
  • Blastocyst (correct)
  • Morula
  • Embryo

    • Which type of stem cells requires the destruction of an embryo?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells can be genetically matched to a patient?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells is difficult to identify, isolate, and maintain in a lab?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cell can make all types of specialized cells in the body?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are tissue stem cells found?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in growing embryonic stem cells?

    <p>They grow under certain conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?

    <p>They do not require embryos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloning involves transferring nuclear material from a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte?

    <p>Therapeutic cloning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloning is used to make patientspecific cell lines?

    <p>Therapeutic cloning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloning is commonly used in routine biology labs to study what a gene does?

    <p>Molecular cloning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

    <p>Reproductive cloning uses adult cells, while therapeutic cloning uses embryonic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of anaemia?

    <p>Increased red blood cell production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between macrocytic, microcytic, and normocytic anaemia?

    <p>The size of the red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Fe deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Lack of iron in the diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inhibition does Lead, an environmental toxin, exhibit?

    <p>Non-competitive inhibition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on the Vmax and Km in non-competitive inhibition?

    <p>Vmax is reduced, Km is unchanged (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of effector binds to the allosteric site of an allosteric enzyme?

    <p>Heterotropic effector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Separating activities of the cell into different times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal function of the 'lipid bilayer' of the biological membrane?

    <p>To form a permeability barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key structural components of the biological membrane?

    <p>Transport vesicle, plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport requires energy and moves molecules against the concentration gradient?

    <p>Active Transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme classification system divides enzymes into 6 major classes?

    <p>IUBMB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate?

    <p>Km (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to the same site as the substrate and competes for access?

    <p>Reversible inhibition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most hydrophobic component of the membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about integral membrane proteins?

    <p>They span the membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peripheral membrane proteins?

    <p>Attachment to the cytoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the plasma membrane?

    <p>To selectively allow some substances through (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of blood?

    <p>pH 7.35-7.45 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of body weight that blood represents in a 70kg man?

    <p>5.6% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature of blood in the body?

    <p>38°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?

    <p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does haemopoiesis mainly occur in adults?

    <p>Pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the production of platelets?

    <p>Thrombopoiesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of a red blood cell (RBC)?

    <p>120 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin (Hb)?

    <p>Hb dissociates at a higher partial pressure of oxygen than myoglobin (Mb). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the sigmoidal shape of the oxygen binding curve for Hb?

    <p>Structural changes initiated at one heme and transmitted to other heme groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Bohr effect?

    <p>The Bohr effect is maximized at low pH or increased pCO2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in oxygen delivery?

    <p>2,3-BPG decreases the oxygen affinity of Hb. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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