18 Questions
What is the mechanism of action of amodiaquine?
Inhibition of haemozoin formation
What differentiates amodiaquine from other 4-aminoquinolines?
Gametocytocidal effect on P.vivax and P.falciparum gametocytes
How does mefloquine exert its anti-malarial effect?
Interference with host-parasite metabolite transport
What is the role of haemozoin in the malaria parasite?
Converts toxic haem to harmless substance
How does amodiaquine contribute to parasite death?
Prevents haemozoin formation
What makes amodiaquine particularly advantageous in treating malaria?
Gametocytocidal effect against P.vivax and P.falciparum gametocytes
How do sulphonamides act as antimalarials?
By competitively inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase
What is the mechanism of action of pyrimethamine?
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Which component of Fansidar acts as a folic acid inhibitor?
Sulphadoxine
What enzyme do sulphonamides competitively inhibit?
Dihydropteroate synthetase
How do sulphonamides contribute to the death of parasites?
By interfering with the incorporation of PABA into dihydropteroic acid
Which other antimalarial agent is known to contain N' (5,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl sulfanilamide) and 2,4-diamino-5-(p-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine?
Fansidar
What is the role of DHFR inhibitors in antimalarial activity?
Selective inhibition of DHFR
Which substitution on the quinoline nucleus tends to decrease both antimalarial activity and toxicity?
Addition of a 6-methyl group
Which Biguanide has longer activity but becomes more toxic with a second chlorine at the meta position?
Chlorproguanil
What type of substituent in the 5-position and the 6-position is required for the highest antimalarial activity in 2,4-diamino-pyrimidines?
Phenyl group in 5-position, alkyl group in 6-position
Which compound started as an antibacterial agent but was later found to be active as an antimalarial?
Trimethoprim
Where is the use of Artemisinin derivatives restricted?
To countries facing chloroquine resistance issues
Explore the clinical use of medium and long-acting sulphonamides as antimalarials, including examples like Sulphadiazine and Sulphadoxine. Learn about their mechanism of action, particularly how they competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme.
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