Clinical Syndromes and Diseases Quiz

Study Notes

CREST Syndrome

Characterized by Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia.
Associated with systemic sclerosis.

Crohn Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fistulas.

Cushing Disease

Endocrine disorder caused by excess cortisol production.
Symptoms include striae, moon facies, buffalo hump, purpura, and hypertrichosis.

Dermatomyositis

An inflammatory myopathy associated with skin changes and muscle weakness.
Skin manifestations include heliotrope rash, Gottron's papules, and shawl sign.

Diabetes

Metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia.
Complications can lead to skin manifestations like diabetic dermopathy and necrobiosis lipoidica.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Serious condition resulting in the widespread activation of the clotting cascade.
Presents with petechiae, purpura, and hemorrhagic bullae.

Dyslipidemias

Abnormal lipid metabolism leading to hyperlipidemia.
Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle.

Gonococcemia

A bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Symptoms may include dermatitis, arthritis, and endocarditis.

Hemochromatosis

Genetic disorder causing excessive iron accumulation in the body.
Symptoms include skin bronzing, diabetes, and liver disease.

Hyperthyroidism

Overactivity of the thyroid gland leading to excessive hormone production.
Symptoms can include warm, moist skin, heat intolerance, and weight loss.

Hypothyroidism

Underactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in insufficient hormone production.
Characterized by dry, rough skin, cold intolerance, and fatigue.

Infective Endocarditis

Infection of the heart valves or endocardium, often associated with bacteremia.
Classic signs include Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, and splinter hemorrhages.

Kawasaki Disease

A vasculitis primarily affecting children, associated with fever and rash.
Symptoms include strawberry tongue and erythema of palms and soles.

Leukemia/Lymphoma

Group of cancers affecting blood and lymphatic tissue.
Symptoms include pallor, petechiae, and ecchymosis.

Calciphylaxis

A rare, serious condition characterized by calcification of blood vessels.
Leads to painful necrosis and skin ulceration.

Skin Manifestations Overview

Erythema Nodosum: Inflammatory condition presenting as tender red nodules.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Rapidly progressing ulcerative condition.
Aphthous Ulcers: Painful oral mucosa lesions.

Xanthomas

Fatty deposits in skin that may vary in appearance (tendon, eruptive, tuberous).
Xanthelasma: Yellowish lesions often around the eyelids.

Skin Hyperpigmentation and Changes

Hemochromatosis results in skin bronzing.
Hyperpigmentation can occur in Graves' disease leading to pretibial myxedema.

Vascular Skin Changes

Pruritus: Itching often associated with systemic conditions.
Vasculitis: Inflammation of blood vessels may lead to skin necrosis and ulcers.

Other Notable Symptoms

Striae and Atrophy: Skin changes associated with Cushing syndrome.
Cherry Red Lips and Strawberry Tongue: Indicative of specific systemic conditions like Kawasaki disease.

Description

Test your knowledge on various clinical syndromes and diseases, including CREST syndrome, Crohn disease, Cushing disease, and many others. This quiz covers key features, symptoms, and implications of these conditions. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.