Questions and Answers
What is the Clinical Scientist Model?
The practice of using a scientific approach to delivering clinical services.
What is Evidence Based Practice?
The integration of best available research with clinical expertise while taking into account client characteristics.
What is Pseudoscience?
Treatments that are presented as if they have a scientific basis, but have not or cannot be supported scientifically.
Data collection is an important part of ABA, but not essential as long as we are using evidence-based practices.
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Who wrote the seminal 1968 article outlining the dimensions of applied behavior analysis?
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What is the acronym for remembering the dimensions of applied behavior analysis?
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What are the two types of data?
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What is continuous data?
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What is discontinuous data?
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What are some types of continuous data?
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What are some types of discontinuous data?
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What are two types of data collection?
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What does discontinuous data collection require?
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What are scatterplots used to determine?
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Frequency and rate are the same thing.
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In partial interval data collection, the behavior must occur for the duration of a time interval.
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What is reliability?
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What is Interobserver Agreement (IOA)?
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What are the importance of reliability?
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What is validity?
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What are the validity factors?
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Data collection is useful if you can work it in, but ABA plans do not require it.
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What are PECS mostly used to do?
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When teaching children to brush their teeth, we almost always use most-to-least prompting.
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Benny dislikes the taste of vegetables but eats whatever his grandmother puts on his plate. What does this behavior demonstrate?
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System-wide approaches such as positive behavior support and trauma-informed care have decreased the social acceptability of punishment procedures.
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Ed is collecting data on a student's latency to initiate work, but the student's goal is to increase duration of work. His data is not ______________.
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Alice collected data at the same time and place every day for two weeks. Her data may not be ______________.
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When my supervisor presents me with multiple situations to see if I know when to implement a certain skill, (s)he clearly does not trust me to know what I am doing.
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Reliable data is valid data.
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In ABA, how is reliability demonstrated?
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Milton's RBT is collecting duration data on how much time he spends with friends all day on Friday. This is continuous data collection using continuous numbers.
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If a child can sit still to watch television for long periods of time, she probably does not have ADHD.
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Which of the following was an early version of Skinner's principle of reinforcement?
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Trixie's student engages in a high rate of self-injurious behaviors. She does not include hair tugging because compared to the other behaviors, hair tugging is not ______________.
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Study Notes
Clinical Concepts
- Clinical Scientist Model: Employs a scientific approach to provide clinical services effectively.
- Evidence Based Practice: Merges top-tier research with professional expertise while considering client traits.
- Pseudoscience: Refers to treatments falsely claimed to have a scientific basis, lacking proper scientific validation.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
- Dimensions of ABA: Outlined in a significant 1968 article by Baer, Wolf, and Risley.
- Memory Aid for Dimensions: "Get a Cab" is the acronym to remember the dimensions of ABA.
- Data Types in ABA: Two main types of data - continuous and discontinuous.
Data Collection
- Continuous Data: Records every instance of a behavior within a specified timeframe.
- Discontinuous Data: Samples behavior over a predetermined timeframe rather than recording every instance.
- Examples of Continuous Data Types: Frequency, rate, duration, latency, and inter-response time.
- Examples of Discontinuous Data Types: Partial interval, whole interval, momentary time-sampling, and planned activity check.
Data Collection Methods
- Discontinuous Data Collection Necessity: Sampling is essential in this methodology.
- Scatterplots: Utilized for analyzing the time distribution of a behavior.
- Frequency vs. Rate: Often debated whether these two concepts are synonymous.
Reliability and Validity in Data
- Reliability Definition: Represents the consistency and replicability of data.
- Interobserver Agreement (IOA): Measures the agreement between two independent observers collecting simultaneous data.
- Importance of Reliability: Critical for training new data collectors, preventing observer drift, maintaining behavior definition clarity, and ensuring accurate data representation.
- Validity Definition: Assesses how accurately data reflect the behaviors they intend to describe.
- Validity Factors: Include accuracy, representativeness, relevance, and significance of the captured data.
Practical Applications
- Effectiveness of Data Collection: Vital for ABA plans rather than optional.
- PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System): Primarily used for facilitating mands (requests).
- Teaching Prompting Strategies: Most-to-least prompting is a common strategy when teaching tasks like tooth brushing.
Behavioral Analysis
- Example of Multiple Stimulus Control: Benny's behavior of only eating vegetables at his grandmother's reflects this concept.
- Impact of System-wide Approaches: Strategies like positive behavior support have reduced the acceptability of punishment methods in social contexts.
Data Relevance and Representation
- Data Relevance: Ensures the information being collected is pertinent to the behavioral goals (e.g., latency measured vs. work duration goal).
- Data Representativeness: Alice's consistent data collection might lack broader applicability due to potential sampling bias.
Miscellaneous
- Questioning the Trust: Demonstrating knowledge through scenarios does not indicate a lack of trust from a supervisor.
- Data Validity Connection: Reliable data does not inherently mean it is valid; separate metrics exist for assessing both.
- Continuous Data Interpretation: Milton's data collection on duration is indeed classified as continuous.
- ADHD Assessment: Simply being able to sit still for television does not rule out ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).
- Historical Behavioral Principles: Skinner's reinforcement principles were influenced by Thorndike's Law of Effect.
- Behavior Significance: Trixie's choice to exclude hair tugging in her data on self-injurious behaviors highlights the need for significance in data selection.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this flashcard quiz on clinical science concepts. Explore key terms like Clinical Scientist Model, Evidence Based Practice, and Pseudoscience. This quiz is essential for anyone interested in clinical services and scientific methodologies.
