Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of otitis externa?
What is the most common cause of otitis externa?
Which treatment is appropriate for cerumen buildup?
Which treatment is appropriate for cerumen buildup?
In a young child with mastoiditis, what is the recommended imaging study?
In a young child with mastoiditis, what is the recommended imaging study?
What is the initial treatment for acute otitis media?
What is the initial treatment for acute otitis media?
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Which antibiotic is recommended for aspiration pneumonia or pulmonary abscess?
Which antibiotic is recommended for aspiration pneumonia or pulmonary abscess?
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What condition is associated with a patient experiencing temperature dysesthesia after consuming reef fish?
What condition is associated with a patient experiencing temperature dysesthesia after consuming reef fish?
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What is the likely diagnosis for a patient who has no previous history of allergies and develops dyspnea after consuming meaty fish in a tropical location?
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient who has no previous history of allergies and develops dyspnea after consuming meaty fish in a tropical location?
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If a patient develops an allergic-like reaction after eating shellfish, what is the most appropriate diagnosis?
If a patient develops an allergic-like reaction after eating shellfish, what is the most appropriate diagnosis?
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What causes vomiting a few hours after consuming meat?
What causes vomiting a few hours after consuming meat?
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In the context of foodborne illnesses, what is the most likely cause of vomiting after eating custards or creams?
In the context of foodborne illnesses, what is the most likely cause of vomiting after eating custards or creams?
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What is the most common immunodeficiency in humans?
What is the most common immunodeficiency in humans?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with IgA deficiency?
Which of the following conditions is associated with IgA deficiency?
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In the diagnosis of Celiac disease for a patient with IgA deficiency, which test is unreliable?
In the diagnosis of Celiac disease for a patient with IgA deficiency, which test is unreliable?
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What clinical feature may suggest chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in a young female with autoimmune disorders?
What clinical feature may suggest chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in a young female with autoimmune disorders?
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When should steroids be added to TMP/SMX for a patient with PJP pneumonia?
When should steroids be added to TMP/SMX for a patient with PJP pneumonia?
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Which chromosome is associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?
Which chromosome is associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?
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In the management of suspected meningitis, what does the new guideline recommend to perform first?
In the management of suspected meningitis, what does the new guideline recommend to perform first?
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What is the most common extra-renal location for cysts in patients with polycystic kidney disease?
What is the most common extra-renal location for cysts in patients with polycystic kidney disease?
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Which of the following is NOT recommended for screening in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease?
Which of the following is NOT recommended for screening in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease?
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In the pediatric context, what significant complication is associated with Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)?
In the pediatric context, what significant complication is associated with Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)?
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What is a key difference between bacterial meningitis and viral (aseptic) meningitis?
What is a key difference between bacterial meningitis and viral (aseptic) meningitis?
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Which symptom is primarily associated with encephalitis but not meningitis?
Which symptom is primarily associated with encephalitis but not meningitis?
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In the diagnosis of Cryptococcal meningitis, which test is preferred if available?
In the diagnosis of Cryptococcal meningitis, which test is preferred if available?
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What is the main treatment approach for Cryptococcal meningitis?
What is the main treatment approach for Cryptococcal meningitis?
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If a CT scan is negative but symptoms suggest a potential mass lesion, what should be done with caution regarding lumbar puncture (LP)?
If a CT scan is negative but symptoms suggest a potential mass lesion, what should be done with caution regarding lumbar puncture (LP)?
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Study Notes
Hot Feels Cold, Cold Feels Hot
- Temperature dysesthesia is a symptom of ciguatera toxicity
- This toxin blocks sodium channels in nerve cells
- Caused by eating reef fish like mahimahi or Spanish mackerel
Scombroid
- Histamine is a toxin from decaying fish
- Histidine decarboxylase in decaying fish converts histidine to histamine
- Allergic-like reaction can result from eating fish high in histamine
- Often misdiagnosed as a normal seafood allergy
- Results in symptoms like dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Shellfish Allergy
- Symptoms can include allergic-like reactions after eating shellfish
- It is important to differentiate from scombroid symptoms
Staph Aureus
- A preformed heat-stable toxin from S. aureus
- Can cause vomiting several hours after eating contaminated food
- Food sources often include custard, creams, potato salad
Otitis Externa
- Ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone drops are a common treatment
- Alcohol-acetic acid drops can prevent otitis externa in people frequently exposed to water
- Pseudomonas is a common cause of otitis externa
- Malignant otitis externa is a significant complication if not treated properly and requires CT or MRI of the temporal bone
Bronchiectasis
- A chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal widening of the bronchial tubes
- Sputum often is scant but white and has a linear opacity on X-ray in the right mid-lobe
- Common causes include cystic fibrosis and tuberculosis
ADPKD and ARPKD
- ADPKD and ARPKD are conditions that have a risk for high blood pressure and cysts.
- Chromosome 6 is related to ARPKD
- Chromosome 16 is related to ADPKD
- Cysts in the liver are also common in ARPKD and ADPKD
Meningitis
- Bacterial meningitis is characterized by low glucose, high protein, and high neutrophils
- Aseptic meningitis (viral) has normal glucose, normal proteins, and high lymphocytes.
- Fungal meningitis has low glucose, high protein, and high lymphocytes.
- Herpes encephalitis can be characterized by RBCs in the CSF.
Cryptococcal Meningitis
- Diagnosis can be made via latex agglutination or mucicarmine staining
- Treatment often includes amphotericin B & flucytosine, followed by fluconazole taper
- Can affect immunocompromised individuals
Otitis Media
- Usually treated with amoxicillin
Meningitis
- Empiric treatment for meningitis is often ceftriaxone/vancomycin, +/- steroids.
- CT of the head may be considered before lumbar puncture if there is confusion that interferes with the neurologic exam, a seizure, or focal neurologic symptoms
Autoimmune Diseases/Immunodeficiency
- Autoimmune conditions can occur in association with immunodeficiencies, like IgA deficiency
- Immunodeficiencies can cause autoimmune-related symptoms in some patients
Thyroiditis
- Autoimmune thyroiditis is common and often presents with an initial history of a chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis history
Other Topics
- Various topics including diagnoses and treatments related to various aspects of internal medicine are listed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on common ENT conditions and treatments, as well as aspects of immunology related to food allergies and infections. This quiz covers a range of questions from otitis externa to immunodeficiency disorders. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.
