Clinical Picture of Diabetes Mellitus
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Questions and Answers

What is a common initial treatment for patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes?

  • Diet modification alone
  • Oral antihyperglycemics
  • Insulin therapy (correct)
  • Increased physical activity

Which symptom is typically NOT associated with Type 1 diabetes?

  • Blurred vision
  • Weight gain (correct)
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria

Which of the following complications is associated with Type 2 diabetes?

  • Ketonuria
  • Acute diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Infections of the skin (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia

What is a characteristic feature of Type 2 diabetes in its early stages?

<p>Typically asymptomatic for long periods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic criteria are commonly used for diagnosing Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Fasting blood glucose and a glucose load (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Picture

  • Characterized by polyuria, an increase in urine volume due to high blood sugar levels.
  • Polydipsia occurs, leading to excessive thirst and increased fluid intake, caused by dehydration.
  • Patients may experience polyphagia, an increase in appetite due to insulin deficiency.
  • Noticeable weight loss is common as the body breaks down fat for energy.
  • Blurred vision may result from osmotic changes affecting the eye.
  • Symptoms of oral or genital candidiasis may appear due to high glucose levels.
  • Blood glucose levels are markedly elevated, confirming the diagnosis.
  • Immediate treatment with insulin is crucial to manage the condition.
  • Presence of glucosuria (glucose in urine) and ketonuria (ketones in urine).

Type 2 Diabetes Clinical Picture

  • Often remains asymptomatic for extended periods, may go undiagnosed.
  • Long-term complications may occur in individuals unaware of their diabetic status.
  • Strongly associated with obesity, a key risk factor for this type.
  • Symptoms may include thirst, polyuria, and skin/urinary tract infections.
  • Blood glucose levels may be only mildly elevated, complicating diagnosis.
  • Diagnostic criteria include fasting blood glucose levels and measurement 2 hours after an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose load).

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Description

This quiz covers the clinical characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will learn about the key symptoms, such as polyuria and weight loss, and understand the differences between the two types. It's essential for anyone studying diabetes to familiarize themselves with these clinical presentations.

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