Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of NatMed?
What is the primary focus of NatMed?
- Evidence-based guidelines for diseases
- Natural medicines and supplements (correct)
- Pharmacy education
- Toxicology and drug interactions
UpToDate is considered the best resource for drug interaction checks.
UpToDate is considered the best resource for drug interaction checks.
False (B)
What does BUD stand for in the context of compounding?
What does BUD stand for in the context of compounding?
Beyond-Use Date
Match the following resources with their strengths:
Match the following resources with their strengths:
Which of the following components is unique to DynaMedex?
Which of the following components is unique to DynaMedex?
Clinical Pharmacology is best for detailed disease management.
Clinical Pharmacology is best for detailed disease management.
What should the handwashing duration be when maintaining sterility?
What should the handwashing duration be when maintaining sterility?
The first step in the proper gowning process is to remove personal items like _____ and _____ .
The first step in the proper gowning process is to remove personal items like _____ and _____ .
What is a limitation of Access Pharmacy?
What is a limitation of Access Pharmacy?
Which database is known for its comprehensive drug monographs and real-time alerts?
Which database is known for its comprehensive drug monographs and real-time alerts?
Lexicomp provides resources specifically for pediatric and geriatric patients.
Lexicomp provides resources specifically for pediatric and geriatric patients.
____ is often used for comparing multiple drugs within the same category.
____ is often used for comparing multiple drugs within the same category.
Match the pharmacology databases with their strengths:
Match the pharmacology databases with their strengths:
What feature does Micromedex NOT provide?
What feature does Micromedex NOT provide?
DynaMedex is widely recognized for providing only herbal medication information.
DynaMedex is widely recognized for providing only herbal medication information.
The _____ database is recognized as the gold standard for toxicology.
The _____ database is recognized as the gold standard for toxicology.
Which database is specifically noted for its herbal and dietary supplement information?
Which database is specifically noted for its herbal and dietary supplement information?
Which of the following is a method used to identify potential risks in processes?
Which of the following is a method used to identify potential risks in processes?
High-risk medications are rarely involved in hospital admissions.
High-risk medications are rarely involved in hospital admissions.
What does RCA stand for in the context of error management?
What does RCA stand for in the context of error management?
REMS ensures safe medication use for ______-risk drugs.
REMS ensures safe medication use for ______-risk drugs.
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
An empathetic response is vital after communication following an error.
An empathetic response is vital after communication following an error.
List one high-risk medication commonly involved in hospital admissions.
List one high-risk medication commonly involved in hospital admissions.
What is one disadvantage of using tertiary literature?
What is one disadvantage of using tertiary literature?
Secondary literature provides quick access to indexed primary studies.
Secondary literature provides quick access to indexed primary studies.
The __________ is a standardized documentation method for tracking patient care.
The __________ is a standardized documentation method for tracking patient care.
Match the following types of literature with their characteristics:
Match the following types of literature with their characteristics:
Which component of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) involves developing a patient-specific care plan?
Which component of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) involves developing a patient-specific care plan?
Interdisciplinary care means that specialists work independently in their areas of expertise.
Interdisciplinary care means that specialists work independently in their areas of expertise.
The primary purpose of _______ is to ensure clarity, conciseness, and relevance in patient documentation.
The primary purpose of _______ is to ensure clarity, conciseness, and relevance in patient documentation.
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of professionalism?
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of professionalism?
Which database is primarily U.S.-centric and focused on drug interactions and IV compatibility?
Which database is primarily U.S.-centric and focused on drug interactions and IV compatibility?
Lexicomp provides extensive resources specific to pediatric and geriatric patients.
Lexicomp provides extensive resources specific to pediatric and geriatric patients.
What is considered the 'gold standard' for toxicology and disease management in drug information?
What is considered the 'gold standard' for toxicology and disease management in drug information?
Facts & Comparisons is especially useful for evaluating multiple drugs within the same _______.
Facts & Comparisons is especially useful for evaluating multiple drugs within the same _______.
Match the following databases with their limitations:
Match the following databases with their limitations:
Which component is unique to Micromedex?
Which component is unique to Micromedex?
Facts & Comparisons provides comprehensive information on non-prescription and herbal medications.
Facts & Comparisons provides comprehensive information on non-prescription and herbal medications.
What is a key advantage of primary literature?
What is a key advantage of primary literature?
Tertiary literature is always the most current and frequently updated.
Tertiary literature is always the most current and frequently updated.
Name one example of secondary literature.
Name one example of secondary literature.
Secondary literature acts as a ______ between raw research and tertiary summaries.
Secondary literature acts as a ______ between raw research and tertiary summaries.
Match the literature type with its primary feature:
Match the literature type with its primary feature:
When is it most appropriate to use tertiary literature?
When is it most appropriate to use tertiary literature?
Tertiary literature typically includes a high level of detail.
Tertiary literature typically includes a high level of detail.
What is one disadvantage of secondary literature?
What is one disadvantage of secondary literature?
Which of the following databases is primarily focused on pharmacy education and reference?
Which of the following databases is primarily focused on pharmacy education and reference?
NatMed includes detailed information on traditional pharmaceuticals.
NatMed includes detailed information on traditional pharmaceuticals.
The _____ risk compounding category requires sterilization after compounding.
The _____ risk compounding category requires sterilization after compounding.
UpToDate frequently updates its information with the latest research.
UpToDate frequently updates its information with the latest research.
The best way to manage contamination during sterile compounding is through proper _____ processes.
The best way to manage contamination during sterile compounding is through proper _____ processes.
What is a characteristic of primary literature?
What is a characteristic of primary literature?
All databases provide comprehensive details about drug interactions.
All databases provide comprehensive details about drug interactions.
Name one common component found in the DynaMedex database.
Name one common component found in the DynaMedex database.
In compounding, the term 'medium risk' involves complex manipulations and has a BUD of _____ hours at room temperature.
In compounding, the term 'medium risk' involves complex manipulations and has a BUD of _____ hours at room temperature.
Match the following databases with their best uses:
Match the following databases with their best uses:
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for immediate-use products unless in emergencies?
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for immediate-use products unless in emergencies?
Medium risk compounded materials require less stringent aseptic techniques than low risk.
Medium risk compounded materials require less stringent aseptic techniques than low risk.
Name one environmental factor that can contribute to medication errors.
Name one environmental factor that can contribute to medication errors.
The proper gowning process includes putting on a clean, non-shedding _____ after hand washing.
The proper gowning process includes putting on a clean, non-shedding _____ after hand washing.
Match the risk levels of compounding with their correct BUDs.
Match the risk levels of compounding with their correct BUDs.
Which of the following medications is commonly involved in hospital admissions?
Which of the following medications is commonly involved in hospital admissions?
Single-dose vials must be used within 12 hours after opening.
Single-dose vials must be used within 12 hours after opening.
What does FMEA stand for, and what is its primary purpose?
What does FMEA stand for, and what is its primary purpose?
The _____ cleaning process must start from the back and move to the front.
The _____ cleaning process must start from the back and move to the front.
Which stage in the proper gowning process involves preventing respiratory droplet contamination?
Which stage in the proper gowning process involves preventing respiratory droplet contamination?
Regular glove disinfection is crucial during compounding.
Regular glove disinfection is crucial during compounding.
What should be done to gloves before starting compounding?
What should be done to gloves before starting compounding?
The BUD for multi-dose vials is _____ days unless specified otherwise.
The BUD for multi-dose vials is _____ days unless specified otherwise.
Match the risk levels of compounding with the associated necessary actions.
Match the risk levels of compounding with the associated necessary actions.
What is one primary advantage of tertiary literature?
What is one primary advantage of tertiary literature?
Secondary literature is the best choice for obtaining detailed evidence or direct data from studies.
Secondary literature is the best choice for obtaining detailed evidence or direct data from studies.
What are the five steps of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
What are the five steps of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
Match the following literature types with their uses:
Match the following literature types with their uses:
Interdisciplinary care involves specialists collaborating for holistic patient outcomes.
Interdisciplinary care involves specialists collaborating for holistic patient outcomes.
What is the primary focus of pharmacy licensure requirements?
What is the primary focus of pharmacy licensure requirements?
A __________ focuses on research and independent study compared to residency's clinical practice focus.
A __________ focuses on research and independent study compared to residency's clinical practice focus.
Match the following allied health professionals with their primary roles:
Match the following allied health professionals with their primary roles:
Which outcome measure focuses on patient satisfaction?
Which outcome measure focuses on patient satisfaction?
Active listening is not considered an essential communication skill in healthcare.
Active listening is not considered an essential communication skill in healthcare.
What does BUD stand for in compounding?
What does BUD stand for in compounding?
The purpose of __________ is to provide standardized documentation of patient care.
The purpose of __________ is to provide standardized documentation of patient care.
Match the following components of SOAP notes with their descriptions:
Match the following components of SOAP notes with their descriptions:
Which database is noted for its extensive focus on clinical pharmacology and patient care in hospital settings?
Which database is noted for its extensive focus on clinical pharmacology and patient care in hospital settings?
Clinical Pharmacology includes detailed disease management guidelines.
Clinical Pharmacology includes detailed disease management guidelines.
The __________ database is known as the gold standard for toxicology and disease management.
The __________ database is known as the gold standard for toxicology and disease management.
Which component is unique to Lexicomp?
Which component is unique to Lexicomp?
Match the following databases with their strengths:
Match the following databases with their strengths:
One strength of Micromedex is its strong evidence-based content for __________ care.
One strength of Micromedex is its strong evidence-based content for __________ care.
Which database specializes in natural medicines and alternative therapies?
Which database specializes in natural medicines and alternative therapies?
Access Pharmacy primarily focuses on immediate drug lookup and clinical application.
Access Pharmacy primarily focuses on immediate drug lookup and clinical application.
What does the risk level 'High Risk' in compounding require?
What does the risk level 'High Risk' in compounding require?
DynaMedex is an evidence-based clinical decision support tool focusing on _____ management.
DynaMedex is an evidence-based clinical decision support tool focusing on _____ management.
Match the following compounding risk levels with their respective Beyond-Use Dates (BUDs):
Match the following compounding risk levels with their respective Beyond-Use Dates (BUDs):
Which of the following resources is recognized for its extensive monographs on drug interactions?
Which of the following resources is recognized for its extensive monographs on drug interactions?
UpToDate is frequently updated with the latest research to aid in disease management.
UpToDate is frequently updated with the latest research to aid in disease management.
What type of literature is represented by original research or clinical studies?
What type of literature is represented by original research or clinical studies?
The _____ provides detailed disease state management resources for pharmacy students.
The _____ provides detailed disease state management resources for pharmacy students.
Match the following databases with their primary focus:
Match the following databases with their primary focus:
Evidence-based ratings in NatMed are used to evaluate therapies.
Evidence-based ratings in NatMed are used to evaluate therapies.
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date for immediate-use products?
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date for immediate-use products?
Secondary literature serves as a bridge between _____ and tertiary summaries.
Secondary literature serves as a bridge between _____ and tertiary summaries.
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for immediate-use products?
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for immediate-use products?
Sterility testing is always required for low-risk compounding.
Sterility testing is always required for low-risk compounding.
List one common high-risk medication involved in hospital admissions.
List one common high-risk medication involved in hospital admissions.
The first step in the proper gowning process is to don _____ covers.
The first step in the proper gowning process is to don _____ covers.
Match the risk levels with their descriptions:
Match the risk levels with their descriptions:
Which agency is responsible for ensuring the safe use of high-risk medications?
Which agency is responsible for ensuring the safe use of high-risk medications?
What is the purpose of performing Root Cause Analysis (RCA)?
What is the purpose of performing Root Cause Analysis (RCA)?
Gloves should be disinfected using _____ before starting compounding.
Gloves should be disinfected using _____ before starting compounding.
What is one of the key factors affecting Beyond-Use Dates (BUDs)?
What is one of the key factors affecting Beyond-Use Dates (BUDs)?
Regular glove disinfection is not necessary during compounding.
Regular glove disinfection is not necessary during compounding.
What is the correct order for cleaning the laminar airflow hood?
What is the correct order for cleaning the laminar airflow hood?
The process of identifying potential risks in processes is called _____ Mode Effects Analysis.
The process of identifying potential risks in processes is called _____ Mode Effects Analysis.
Which of the following best describes tertiary literature?
Which of the following best describes tertiary literature?
Primary literature is focused on providing quick access to multiple studies.
Primary literature is focused on providing quick access to multiple studies.
What is the first step in the Five-Step Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
What is the first step in the Five-Step Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
Match the following literature types with their advantages:
Match the following literature types with their advantages:
Medical literature can be categorized into seven types.
Medical literature can be categorized into seven types.
List one barrier to pharmaceutical care.
List one barrier to pharmaceutical care.
Match the following healthcare roles with their primary functions:
Match the following healthcare roles with their primary functions:
Which of the following concepts refers to care where specialists work independently?
Which of the following concepts refers to care where specialists work independently?
Ethics and professional development are not part of pharmacy professionalism.
Ethics and professional development are not part of pharmacy professionalism.
What does PPCP stand for?
What does PPCP stand for?
Healthcare cost savings can be measured in which type of outcomes?
Healthcare cost savings can be measured in which type of outcomes?
Which type of literature serves as a bridge between raw research and tertiary summaries?
Which type of literature serves as a bridge between raw research and tertiary summaries?
Tertiary literature always provides the most detailed information.
Tertiary literature always provides the most detailed information.
What is the primary purpose of REMS?
What is the primary purpose of REMS?
A __________ is defined as the date after which a compounded product should not be used.
A __________ is defined as the date after which a compounded product should not be used.
Match the following types of literature with their advantages:
Match the following types of literature with their advantages:
Which database is typically used to summarize primary research effectively?
Which database is typically used to summarize primary research effectively?
The BUD for low-risk sterile compounding at room temperature is 48 hours.
The BUD for low-risk sterile compounding at room temperature is 48 hours.
Primary literature is characterized by __________ or clinical studies.
Primary literature is characterized by __________ or clinical studies.
Match the characteristics with the types of literature they describe:
Match the characteristics with the types of literature they describe:
What is one major disadvantage of tertiary literature?
What is one major disadvantage of tertiary literature?
Investigating multiple studies is best suited for using primary literature.
Investigating multiple studies is best suited for using primary literature.
What is one requirement for hazardous drug storage?
What is one requirement for hazardous drug storage?
The __________ step in the PPCP involves gathering patient-specific information.
The __________ step in the PPCP involves gathering patient-specific information.
Which of the following humanistic outcomes is included in patient assessments?
Which of the following humanistic outcomes is included in patient assessments?
Medication therapy management (MTM) platforms can be used to implement the PPCP.
Medication therapy management (MTM) platforms can be used to implement the PPCP.
What does SOAP stand for in patient documentation?
What does SOAP stand for in patient documentation?
The main goal of the 'follow-up' step in PPCP is to evaluate and adjust the __________ as needed.
The main goal of the 'follow-up' step in PPCP is to evaluate and adjust the __________ as needed.
Match the following factors with their roles in medication errors:
Match the following factors with their roles in medication errors:
What is the purpose of documenting patient care?
What is the purpose of documenting patient care?
Pharmacists can maintain patient trust by demonstrating unpredictability and negligence.
Pharmacists can maintain patient trust by demonstrating unpredictability and negligence.
What is one example of an e-professionalism issue?
What is one example of an e-professionalism issue?
The BUD for frozen sterile compounding products is __________ days.
The BUD for frozen sterile compounding products is __________ days.
What is one of the advantages of secondary literature?
What is one of the advantages of secondary literature?
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a proactive approach to identifying risks.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a proactive approach to identifying risks.
To minimize errors, it is important to __________ labeling and storage.
To minimize errors, it is important to __________ labeling and storage.
What is one requirement for cleanroom certification?
What is one requirement for cleanroom certification?
What is the Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for low-risk sterile compounded preparations when stored at room temperature?
What is the Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for low-risk sterile compounded preparations when stored at room temperature?
Medium-risk sterile compounded preparations can be stored at room temperature for 48 hours.
Medium-risk sterile compounded preparations can be stored at room temperature for 48 hours.
What is the maximum BUD for multi-dose vials after opening?
What is the maximum BUD for multi-dose vials after opening?
Low-risk preparations stored in the refrigerator have a BUD of _____ days.
Low-risk preparations stored in the refrigerator have a BUD of _____ days.
Match the storage condition with the corresponding BUD for high-risk sterile compounded preparations:
Match the storage condition with the corresponding BUD for high-risk sterile compounded preparations:
What is the Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for Low Risk compounded preparations stored at room temperature?
What is the Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for Low Risk compounded preparations stored at room temperature?
Immediately after opening a Single-Dose Vial, it can be used within 12 hours if kept in an ISO Class 5 environment.
Immediately after opening a Single-Dose Vial, it can be used within 12 hours if kept in an ISO Class 5 environment.
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date for Multi-Dose Vials after opening?
What is the maximum Beyond-Use Date for Multi-Dose Vials after opening?
For High Risk compounded preparations, the BUD when stored in the refrigerator is __________.
For High Risk compounded preparations, the BUD when stored in the refrigerator is __________.
Match the storage conditions to their respective Beyond-Use Dates for Medium Risk compounded preparations:
Match the storage conditions to their respective Beyond-Use Dates for Medium Risk compounded preparations:
Which of the following is a primary category of medical literature?
Which of the following is a primary category of medical literature?
FDA-approved uses of medications have not been thoroughly evaluated for safety and efficacy.
FDA-approved uses of medications have not been thoroughly evaluated for safety and efficacy.
What does USP stand for in the context of sterile and hazardous drug compounding?
What does USP stand for in the context of sterile and hazardous drug compounding?
The order for cleaning a sterile hood should follow this sequence: Ceiling → Back Wall → Side Walls → ______.
The order for cleaning a sterile hood should follow this sequence: Ceiling → Back Wall → Side Walls → ______.
Which of the following is a step in the Pharmacist Patient Care Process?
Which of the following is a step in the Pharmacist Patient Care Process?
Interdisciplinary care involves collaboration among healthcare professionals to provide holistic care.
Interdisciplinary care involves collaboration among healthcare professionals to provide holistic care.
Name one factor contributing to medication errors.
Name one factor contributing to medication errors.
What is the primary goal of conducting a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in pharmacy risk management?
What is the primary goal of conducting a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in pharmacy risk management?
E-professionalism in pharmacy includes the responsibility to maintain privacy online.
E-professionalism in pharmacy includes the responsibility to maintain privacy online.
What does REMS stand for in the context of pharmacy?
What does REMS stand for in the context of pharmacy?
A compounded product's beyond-use date (BUD) ensures __________ and stability.
A compounded product's beyond-use date (BUD) ensures __________ and stability.
Match the following risk levels with their appropriate storage conditions:
Match the following risk levels with their appropriate storage conditions:
Which category of medical literature includes indexing and summarizing tools?
Which category of medical literature includes indexing and summarizing tools?
The FDA evaluates all off-label uses of medications for safety and efficacy.
The FDA evaluates all off-label uses of medications for safety and efficacy.
What does USP 800 focus on?
What does USP 800 focus on?
The __________ notes consist of subjective, objective, assessment, and plan components.
The __________ notes consist of subjective, objective, assessment, and plan components.
Match the following types of medical literature with their examples:
Match the following types of medical literature with their examples:
Which step is NOT part of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
Which step is NOT part of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
Interdisciplinary care means collaboration among healthcare professionals to enhance patient-centered care.
Interdisciplinary care means collaboration among healthcare professionals to enhance patient-centered care.
What is the primary importance of the Beyond-Use Date (BUD)?
What is the primary importance of the Beyond-Use Date (BUD)?
What is the primary goal of risk management in pharmacy?
What is the primary goal of risk management in pharmacy?
The order of garbing for sterile compounding starts with putting on gloves.
The order of garbing for sterile compounding starts with putting on gloves.
To ensure sterility, medications need to be compounded in a ______ environment.
To ensure sterility, medications need to be compounded in a ______ environment.
Which of the following is a component of professionalism in pharmacy?
Which of the following is a component of professionalism in pharmacy?
Match the methods used in risk management with their descriptions:
Match the methods used in risk management with their descriptions:
Primary literature includes original research studies such as randomized controlled trials.
Primary literature includes original research studies such as randomized controlled trials.
The Primary literature, Secondary literature, and Tertiary literature refer to different types of ________.
The Primary literature, Secondary literature, and Tertiary literature refer to different types of ________.
What’s the maximum Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for low-risk compounded medications stored at room temperature?
What’s the maximum Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for low-risk compounded medications stored at room temperature?
Which of the following represents a primary category of medical literature?
Which of the following represents a primary category of medical literature?
FDA-approved uses include those that have been evaluated for safety and efficacy.
FDA-approved uses include those that have been evaluated for safety and efficacy.
What is the primary purpose of USP 800?
What is the primary purpose of USP 800?
The steps of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) include Collect, Assess, Plan, Implement, and ________.
The steps of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) include Collect, Assess, Plan, Implement, and ________.
Match the following categories of literature to their definitions:
Match the following categories of literature to their definitions:
What is a contributing factor to medication errors?
What is a contributing factor to medication errors?
Residency is more research-focused than fellowship.
Residency is more research-focused than fellowship.
List one method used to maintain sterility in compounding.
List one method used to maintain sterility in compounding.
Flashcards
Clinical Pharmacology scope
Clinical Pharmacology scope
Comprehensive drug information, including FDA-approved and off-label uses, prescribing, safety, and interactions. It's updated often.
Facts & Comparisons focus
Facts & Comparisons focus
Comparing different drugs within the same category, especially for formulary decisions, and includes non-prescription and herbs
Lexicomp's strength
Lexicomp's strength
Extensive clinical application in hospital settings, especially good for pediatric and geriatric drug information.
Micromedex's focus
Micromedex's focus
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Clinical Pharmacology feature
Clinical Pharmacology feature
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Facts & Comparisons feature
Facts & Comparisons feature
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Lexicomp component
Lexicomp component
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Micromedex component
Micromedex component
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Clinical Pharmacology limitation
Clinical Pharmacology limitation
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Lexicomp limitation
Lexicomp limitation
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Low-risk compounding
Low-risk compounding
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Medium-risk compounding
Medium-risk compounding
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High-risk compounding
High-risk compounding
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Beyond-Use Date (BUD)
Beyond-Use Date (BUD)
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Primary Literature
Primary Literature
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Secondary Literature
Secondary Literature
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Sterile Gowning
Sterile Gowning
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Laminar Airflow Hood Cleaning
Laminar Airflow Hood Cleaning
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Hand Hygiene
Hand Hygiene
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Immediate-use products BUD
Immediate-use products BUD
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Tertiary Literature
Tertiary Literature
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Five Characteristics of Professions
Five Characteristics of Professions
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PPCP Process
PPCP Process
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SOAP Notes
SOAP Notes
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Tenets of Professionalism
Tenets of Professionalism
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Pharmacy Licensure Requirements
Pharmacy Licensure Requirements
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Residency vs. Fellowship
Residency vs. Fellowship
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Multidisciplinary Care
Multidisciplinary Care
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Interdisciplinary Care
Interdisciplinary Care
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Environmental Factors
Environmental Factors
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RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
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FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis)
FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis)
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REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies)
REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies)
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High-Risk Medications
High-Risk Medications
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Effective Communication After Errors
Effective Communication After Errors
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Risk Factors in Medication Processes
Risk Factors in Medication Processes
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Comparing RCA and FMEA
Comparing RCA and FMEA
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Flashcards for Studying
Flashcards for Studying
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Practice Cases for Medication Safety
Practice Cases for Medication Safety
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Clinical Pharmacology
Clinical Pharmacology
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Facts & Comparisons
Facts & Comparisons
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Lexicomp
Lexicomp
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Micromedex
Micromedex
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What sets Clinical Pharmacology apart from other databases?
What sets Clinical Pharmacology apart from other databases?
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What is the key difference between Fact & Comparisons and Lexicomp?
What is the key difference between Fact & Comparisons and Lexicomp?
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Why is Micromedex considered the gold standard?
Why is Micromedex considered the gold standard?
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What is the primary advantage of Lexicomp over its counterparts?
What is the primary advantage of Lexicomp over its counterparts?
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NatMed Scope
NatMed Scope
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Access Pharmacy Scope
Access Pharmacy Scope
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DynaMedex Scope
DynaMedex Scope
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UpToDate Scope
UpToDate Scope
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Sterile Gowning Process
Sterile Gowning Process
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Hand Hygiene Protocol
Hand Hygiene Protocol
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When to Use Primary Literature?
When to Use Primary Literature?
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When to Use Secondary Literature?
When to Use Secondary Literature?
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When to Use Tertiary Literature?
When to Use Tertiary Literature?
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Pharmaceutical Care
Pharmaceutical Care
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Patient-Centered Care
Patient-Centered Care
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BUD (Beyond Use Date)
BUD (Beyond Use Date)
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Risk Level & BUD
Risk Level & BUD
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What is a Beyond-Use Date (BUD)?
What is a Beyond-Use Date (BUD)?
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What are the factors affecting BUD?
What are the factors affecting BUD?
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What are the BUDs for low-risk compounding?
What are the BUDs for low-risk compounding?
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What are the BUDs for medium-risk compounding?
What are the BUDs for medium-risk compounding?
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What are the BUDs for high-risk compounding?
What are the BUDs for high-risk compounding?
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Why is the BUD shorter than the manufacturer's expiration date?
Why is the BUD shorter than the manufacturer's expiration date?
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What is the purpose of proper gowning?
What is the purpose of proper gowning?
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What are the steps involved in proper gowning?
What are the steps involved in proper gowning?
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Why is hand hygiene crucial during compounding?
Why is hand hygiene crucial during compounding?
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What is the correct order for cleaning a laminar airflow hood?
What is the correct order for cleaning a laminar airflow hood?
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Why is it important to disinfect gloves regularly during compounding?
Why is it important to disinfect gloves regularly during compounding?
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What are some exam preparation tips for compounding?
What are some exam preparation tips for compounding?
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Five-Step PPCP Process
Five-Step PPCP Process
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Risk Levels for Compounding
Risk Levels for Compounding
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Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
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Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)
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Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategies (REMS)
Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategies (REMS)
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Communication After Errors
Communication After Errors
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Factors Affecting BUD
Factors Affecting BUD
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Proper Gowning Process
Proper Gowning Process
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NatMed Focus
NatMed Focus
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Access Pharmacy Purpose
Access Pharmacy Purpose
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DynaMedex Key Feature
DynaMedex Key Feature
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UpToDate Strength
UpToDate Strength
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Sterile Gowning Purpose
Sterile Gowning Purpose
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Hand Hygiene Importance
Hand Hygiene Importance
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Laminar Airflow Hood Cleaning Steps
Laminar Airflow Hood Cleaning Steps
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Disinfecting Gloves: Why?
Disinfecting Gloves: Why?
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BUD & Risk Level
BUD & Risk Level
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Low-Risk Compounding BUDs
Low-Risk Compounding BUDs
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Medium-Risk Compounding BUDs
Medium-Risk Compounding BUDs
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High-Risk Compounding BUDs
High-Risk Compounding BUDs
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BUD vs. Expiration Date
BUD vs. Expiration Date
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What is the purpose of REMS?
What is the purpose of REMS?
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What is the difference between FDA-approved and non-approved uses?
What is the difference between FDA-approved and non-approved uses?
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What is USP 797?
What is USP 797?
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What is USP 795?
What is USP 795?
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What is the first step in the gowning process?
What is the first step in the gowning process?
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What is the correct order of hood cleaning?
What is the correct order of hood cleaning?
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What are the BUDs for low-risk sterile compounding?
What are the BUDs for low-risk sterile compounding?
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What are the five characteristics of professions?
What are the five characteristics of professions?
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What is the main difference between a residency and a fellowship?
What is the main difference between a residency and a fellowship?
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What are the five steps of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
What are the five steps of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)?
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Clinical Outcome Measures
Clinical Outcome Measures
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PPCP Implementation Tool
PPCP Implementation Tool
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Goal of PPCP Follow-Up
Goal of PPCP Follow-Up
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Humanistic Outcomes
Humanistic Outcomes
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PPCP Impact on Outcomes
PPCP Impact on Outcomes
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PPCP Collaboration Example
PPCP Collaboration Example
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SOAP Note Sections
SOAP Note Sections
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Subjective Section Content
Subjective Section Content
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Objective Section Content
Objective Section Content
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SOAP Note Assessment
SOAP Note Assessment
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SOAP Note Documentation Error
SOAP Note Documentation Error
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SOAP Note Plan Relation to PPCP
SOAP Note Plan Relation to PPCP
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Purpose of Patient Care Documentation
Purpose of Patient Care Documentation
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Clear Documentation Guideline
Clear Documentation Guideline
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Placing Lab Results in SOAP Note
Placing Lab Results in SOAP Note
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BUD and Storage Conditions
BUD and Storage Conditions
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What determines BUD?
What determines BUD?
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Immediate-Use Compounding
Immediate-Use Compounding
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FDA-Approved vs. Non-Approved Uses
FDA-Approved vs. Non-Approved Uses
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USP 797 vs. USP 800
USP 797 vs. USP 800
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FDA-Approved Use
FDA-Approved Use
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Non-Approved (Off-Label) Use
Non-Approved (Off-Label) Use
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USP 797
USP 797
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USP 800
USP 800
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Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)
Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)
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What are the tenets of professionalism in pharmacy?
What are the tenets of professionalism in pharmacy?
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What is the goal of risk management in pharmacy?
What is the goal of risk management in pharmacy?
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What is the difference between RCA and FMEA?
What is the difference between RCA and FMEA?
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What factors influence the BUD of a compounded medication?
What factors influence the BUD of a compounded medication?
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Off-Label Use
Off-Label Use
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Drug Information (DI)
Drug Information (DI)
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DI Responsibilities
DI Responsibilities
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Skills for DI
Skills for DI
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Factors Influencing DI
Factors Influencing DI
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Sterility in Compounding
Sterility in Compounding
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Garbing Process
Garbing Process
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Cleanroom Hood Cleaning
Cleanroom Hood Cleaning
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Study Notes
Clinical Pharmacology Databases Comparison
- Clinical Pharmacology: Comprehensive drug monographs (FDA-approved and off-label), prescribing/safety/interaction information, real-time alerts, drug interaction checker, IV compatibility & drug identification tools, and patient education materials (multilingual). Strong user interface for drug interactions and IV compatibility but primarily U.S.-centric. Lacks detailed disease management guidelines.
- Facts & Comparisons: Focuses on drug comparison/formulary decisions, detailed monographs/therapeutic drug class summaries. Robust side-by-side comparison tools for evaluating multiple drugs within the same category, covers non-prescription and herbal medications, drug interaction checker/calculators, and herbal/dietary supplement information. Slightly less intuitive interface compared to other databases; limited global coverage.
- Lexicomp: Comprehensive drug monographs with extensive clinical tools, includes pediatric/geriatric resources, focused on hospital clinical application; drug interactions & IV compatibility plus AHFS (American Hospital Formulary Service) content and laboratory test information. Extensive focus on clinical pharmacology & patient care. Can be overwhelming due to broad information and cost prohibitive for small practices.
- Micromedex: Gold standard for toxicology, disease management, and drug information used extensively in hospitals for evidence-based clinical decisions; includes drug interactions/IV compatibility checkers, toxicology database (POISINDEX), Red Book for pricing, and CareNotes for patient education. Trusted for toxicology and acute care. Interface may seem outdated; more clinically dense than other databases.
- NatMed: Specialist in natural medicines, supplements, and alternative therapies with efficacy ratings and safety profiles for herbal products. Detailed monographs on natural/alternative products, interaction checkers for herbal/prescription medications, and evidence-based efficacy ratings. Unmatched for alternative medicine and supplements, includes evidence-based ratings for therapy evaluation, but limited traditional pharmaceutical coverage.
- Access Pharmacy: Designed for pharmacy education/reference focusing on pharmacy practice, therapeutics, and foundational sciences. Offers digital textbooks (e.g., Goodman & Gilman's, DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy), case studies, multimedia resources, drug information, and practice guidelines. Excellent for pharmacy students and offers detailed disease state management resources. Less focus on immediate drug lookup or clinical application.
- DynaMedex: Evidence-based clinical decision support tool integrating disease info with treatment guidelines; disease-specific monographs, drug/diagnostic guidance, clinical calculators, and patient care recommendations; disease-focused with actionable treatment guidance and quick decision-making. Not as in-depth on specific drug interactions as other databases; requires institutional access.
- UpToDate: Comprehensive evidence-based clinical decision support tool focusing on disease management and guidelines, clinical recommendations supported by references, patient education materials, and integrated drug monographs (via Lexicomp). Trusted for disease management and current guidelines, frequently updated with the latest research, but lacks depth in drug-specific details and has high subscription costs.
Sterile Compounding
Gowning & Hand Hygiene
- Gowning process: Remove jewelry, don scrubs, shoe covers, hair covers, face masks, wash hands, don sterile gown, sterile gloves, and disinfect gloves.
- Hand hygiene: Wash hands & forearms for 30 seconds with antimicrobial agent, use lint-free towels/air dryers, and regularly disinfect gloves.
Hood Cleaning
- Clean laminar airflow hoods from back-to-front and top-to-bottom using sterile, lint-free wipes soaked in 70% isopropyl alcohol.
Risk Levels & Beyond-Use Dates (BUDs)
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Low Risk (simple admixtures): Sterility testing not required unless extending BUD. - Room temperature: 48 hours - Refrigerated: 14 days - Frozen: 45 days
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Medium Risk (multiple additives/manipulations): More stringent aseptic techniques. - Room temperature: 30 hours - Refrigerated: 9 days - Frozen: 45 days
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High Risk (non-sterile ingredients): Sterilization after compounding. - Room temperature: 24 hours - Refrigerated: 3 days - Frozen: 45 days
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Factors affecting BUD include risk level, storage conditions, and stability data. Always utilize the shorter date between BUD and manufacturer's expiration date.
Medical Literature Hierarchy
- Primary literature: Original research/clinical studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials) published in peer-reviewed journals like JAMA or The Lancet; high detail but time-consuming.
- Secondary literature: Indexes/databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library) that synthesize primary literature; quicker access to indexed studies.
- Tertiary literature: Summarized/interpreted information (e.g., textbooks, drug databases like Lexicomp). Easy to use but potentially outdated or influenced by author bias.
Pharmacy Practitioners
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Professional characteristics: systematic theory, authority, community sanction, ethical codes, and professional culture.
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Licensure requirements: PharmD program accreditation, extensive training hours, NAPLEX, MPJE, and state requirements.
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Residency vs. Fellowship: Residency focuses on clinical practice; fellowships focus on research.
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Allied health professions: Physicians, nurses, PAs, social workers, dieticians/nutritionists, and physical therapists work together.
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Multidisciplinary vs. Interdisciplinary: Multidisciplinary work independently; interdisciplinary collaborate for holistic patient outcomes.
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Pharmaceutical care: Identify/resolve drug-related problems, preventing future issues. Challenges include resource limitations, knowledge gaps, and workflow issues. Solutions include training, team-based care, & communication tools.
Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP)
- Five-step PPCP: Collect, assess, plan, implement, and follow-up patient data, identify drug-related problems, develop a plan, implement the plan, and track effectiveness to adjust treatment.
- Patient-centered care: Shared decision-making; clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes.
- Collaborative healthcare: PPCP integration with interdisciplinary teams, improved communication between providers.
- Outcome measures: Clinical (e.g., blood pressure control), humanistic (e.g., quality of life), and economic (healthcare cost savings).
- SOAP notes: Standardized documentation (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan). Clear, concise, and relevant documentation.
Professionalism
- Tenets of professionalism: Altruism, accountability, duty, excellence, respect for others, and professional development.
- Ethics: Pharmacist oath, code of ethics.
- E-professionalism: Maintain confidentiality and professionalism online.
- Communication skills: Active listening, empathy, and patient education.
Risk Management
- Contributors to medication errors: incomplete patient information, outdated references, miscommunication, environmental factors (distractions, poor lighting).
- Evaluating & managing errors: Root Cause Analysis (RCA) & Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) examine underlying causes and potential risks in processes to prevent issues, such as Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategies (REMS), high-risk medications (insulin, anticoagulants), and error reporting.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the key differences between major clinical pharmacology databases including Clinical Pharmacology, Facts & Comparisons, and Lexicomp. This quiz covers aspects such as drug monographs, interaction checkers, and user interfaces. Test your knowledge on the strengths and limitations of each database.
