Clinical Parasitology: Hemo Flagellates
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of Hemo-flagellates in terms of their hosts?

  • They are not transmitted by insect vectors.
  • They are specific to human hosts only.
  • They can survive in multiple hosts. (correct)
  • They can only survive in one host.

    • In which stage of the life cycle is Leishmania found in the gut of the vector?

  • Trypomastigote
  • Amastigote
  • Promastigote (correct)
  • Epimastigote

    • What is the main difference between the different complexes of Leishmania?

  • Their host range
  • Their mode of transmission
  • Their morphology
  • Their geographic distribution (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of Trypanosoma in terms of its morphological forms?

    <p>It has three morphological forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flagellum of Hemo-flagellates?

    <p>Fragelate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Leishmania parasites typically found in humans?

    <p>In macrophages and other RES cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the disease caused by Leishmania donovani in the Peruvian Andes?

    <p>Uta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir for Leishmania donovani?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis?

    <p>Leishmania donovani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vector responsible for transmitting Leishmania donovani?

    <p>Phlebotomus sandfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by Leishmania donovani in India?

    <p>Kala-azar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group most susceptible to infection by Leishmania donovani?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of people infected with Leishmaniasis according to the World Health Organization?

    <p>12 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?

    <p>Chronic disease with dry, raised, ulcerated lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leishmaniasis may invade mucous membrane of the mouth and nasopharynx?

    <p>Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of the infection in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?

    <p>Capillaries and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vector responsible for transmitting Leishmaniasis in the New World?

    <p>Lutzomyia sandfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the incubation period for Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?

    <p>2 weeks to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of Leishmaniasis development found in the human host?

    <p>Amastigote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a vector for Leishmania mexicana complex?

    <p>Psychodopygus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of Leishmaniasis that causes enlargement of the internal organs, especially the liver and spleen?

    <p>Visceral Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary animal host for Leishmania mexicana complex?

    <p>Rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of people at risk of being infected with Leishmaniasis?

    <p>350 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis if left untreated?

    <p>Destruction of palate and oral &amp; nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Leishmania mexicana complex?

    <p>Pentavalent sodium antimony (Pentastam)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Trypanosoma brucei?

    <p>Through the bite of an infected tsetse fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense?

    <p>It causes glomerulonephritis and myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for the late stages of Trypanosoma brucei?

    <p>Melarsoprol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevention and control measure for Trypanosoma brucei?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?

    <p>Chagas' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Chagas' disease?

    <p>It is a zoonotic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group most affected by Chagas' disease?

    <p>Young children (less than 5 years old)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis method for Chagas' disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Chagas' disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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