Clinical Nutrition Chapter 1 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

How many kcal does the mineral calcium provide?

Zero

Poor diet and inadequate physical activity contribute to the development of which conditions? (Select all that apply)

Cardiovascular disease (correct)

Hypertension (correct)

Obesity (correct)

Diabetes (correct)

Name the science that links food and health.

Nutrition

Rank the following steps of the Scientific Method in order: ______.

Form a hypothesis, Conduct research experiments, Analyze and interpret results, Accept or reject the hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the risk factor with the disease it is most likely to affect:

Heart Disease = High-fat diet Lung Cancer = Smoking Skin Cancer = Sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can influence health behaviors of college students? (Select all that apply)

Academic stress Signup and view all the answers

Heredity, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits are all examples of what?

Risk factors. Signup and view all the answers

Place the following terms in order from smallest (top) to largest (bottom): ______.

Microgram, Milligram, Centigram, Kilogram Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a kilocalorie?

A unit describing the energy content of food. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients? (Select all that apply)

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ___ provides the instructions for production of a specific body protein.

Gene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements are true about water? (Select all that apply)

Water acts as a medium for temperature regulation. Signup and view all the answers

When it comes to choosing a beverage, ___ is the healthiest choice.

Water Signup and view all the answers

The participants in an experiment who are NOT given the treatment being tested are known as the ___ group.

Control Signup and view all the answers

Match the calorie cost for each of the nutrients in the following food:

10 grams carbohydrates = 40 kcal 5 grams fat = 45 kcal 4 grams protein = 16 kcal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are alternative names of lipids? (Select all that apply)

Oils Signup and view all the answers

What are structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms?

Minerals Signup and view all the answers

Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n) ___.

Placebo Signup and view all the answers

My weight is 60 kilograms. What is my weight in pounds?

132 Signup and view all the answers

Most ___ do not dissolve in water.

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrient. (Select all that apply)

Omission of an essential nutrient from the diet leads to a decline in body functions. Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ___ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons.

Bond Signup and view all the answers

Select all of the following volume measurements that are approximately equal to one liter. (Select all that apply)

4 cups Signup and view all the answers

Name the class of nutrients that includes structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms.

Mineral Signup and view all the answers

___ is a condition characterized by excess body fat.

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Match the phytochemical to their food sources:

Phytosterols = Soybeans Indoles = Broccoli, cabbage, kale Flavonoids = Citrus fruits, onions, apples, grapes, chocolate Polyphenols = Blueberries, strawberries, raspberries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the two main causes of obesity among Americans today? (Select all that apply)

Inadequate physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Name the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet.

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

A stroke is a ___

Decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

The prefix 'micro-' means:

1/1,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

When a researcher observes a natural phenomenon, forms a hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then tests the hypothesis using an experiment, she is using what?

The Scientific Method. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition Basics

Calcium provides zero kcal; it is a mineral with no caloric content.
Nutrition is the science linking food to health, emphasizing the importance of dietary choices.

Health Risks and Diet

Poor diet and inactivity contribute to diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Risk factors for health issues include heredity, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits.

Scientific Method

Steps of the scientific method: form a hypothesis, conduct experiments, analyze results, accept or reject the hypothesis.
Control group in experiments receives no treatment to provide a baseline for comparison.

Essential Nutrients

Major classes of essential nutrients: water, lipids, carbohydrates.
Characteristics of essential nutrients: their omission causes functional decline; restoration is possible if reintroduced.

Beverages and Water

Water is the healthiest beverage choice; it serves as a solvent, lubricant, and temperature regulator.
Most lipids are insoluble in water, making them distinct from other nutrients.

Nutrient Caloric Content

Nutritional energy: 10g carbohydrates yield 40 kcal, 5g fat yields 45 kcal, and 4g protein yields 16 kcal.
Alternative names for lipids include oils and fats.

Vitamins and Minerals

Minerals are simple, inorganic substances often found in groups of the same atoms.
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, influenced by age, genetics, and diet.

Body Weight and Measurement

Weight conversion: 60 kilograms is approximately 132 pounds.
General volume equivalents: 4 cups and 1 quart equal about one liter.

Phytochemicals and Their Sources

Examples of phytochemicals:
- Phytosterols are found in soybeans.
- Indoles are present in broccoli, cabbage, and kale.
- Flavonoids are found in citrus fruits, onions, apples, grapes, and chocolate.
- Polyphenols are abundant in blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries.

Obesity and Health Conditions

Main causes of obesity in Americans: insufficient physical activity and excessive calorie intake.
A stroke results from decreased or lost blood flow to the brain, a serious medical condition.

Chemical Bonds

A bond is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons.

Volume and Prefixes

Prefix "micro-" signifies a measurement of 1/1,000,000, indicating very small quantities.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 1 of Clinical Nutrition. This quiz covers essential information about nutrients, diet-related diseases, and the scientific method in nutrition. Perfect for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of nutritional science.