Clinical Medicine Exam Review

The King’s College criteria are used to predict the risk of death or transplantation in cases of acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity.

The initial approach involves correcting glucose levels, giving fluid, administering antibiotics, and starting pressors. If the neonate remains hypotensive, hydrocortisone might be considered.

The management involves aggressive measures such as calcium chloride or calcium gluconate, high-dose insulin therapy, and possibly lipid emulsion therapy.

<p>Possible causes include acidosis, respiratory decompensation, and hyperkalemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bradycardia could be due to increased vagal tone resulting from the inferior myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elements of the PERC rule include age, pulse, SaO2, and clinical assessment. A negative PERC rule means that the likelihood of a pulmonary embolism is low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age &gt; 55, WBC &gt; 16,000/mm3, Blood glucose &gt; 200 mg/dL, LDH &gt; 350 U/L, AST &gt; 250 U/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traumatic hyphema: bed rest, eye protection, cycloplegic agents. Globe rupture: urgent surgical repair, antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widened and irregular epiphyseal plate, decreased density at the epiphyseal plate, and posterior and inferior displacement of the epiphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Young and Burgess classification categorizes pelvic fractures into lateral compression, anteroposterior compression, and vertical shear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnosis: clinical findings, cervical motion tenderness, and adnexal tenderness. Management: antibiotics to cover Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrograde cystogram involves instilling contrast into the bladder via a catheter, followed by taking X-rays while the patient voids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stages: primary (chancre), secondary (rash, mucocutaneous lesions), latent, and tertiary (gummatous, neurosyphilis). Treatment of secondary syphilis: Benzathine penicillin G.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offline medical control involves physician consultation, medical direction, and oversight of prehospital care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) within 96 hours of exposure; if VZIG is unavailable, administer varicella vaccine postpartum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brief duration, occurs in children 6 months to 5 years old, generalized tonic-clonic seizure, no neurologic deficits post-seizure, no underlying CNS infection or other cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic cancer, biliary tract obstruction, peptic ulcer disease, intestinal ischemia, renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary (painless chancre), secondary (rash, mucocutaneous lesions), latent (asymptomatic), tertiary (gummas, neurosyphilis), Treatment: Benzathine penicillin G.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostate enlargement, medications (anticholinergics, opioids), neurogenic disorders (e.g., spinal cord injury), urethral stricture, constipation, bladder outlet obstruction, pelvic organ prolapse, urinary tract infection, bladder cancer, postoperative retention, psychological causes, urethral injury, diabetes, alcohol, pregnancy, radiation, stool impaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management of a hemodynamically unstable calcium channel blocker overdose involves aggressive fluid resuscitation, vasopressors (e.g. high-dose insulin), calcium for cardiac stabilization, and potentially lipid emulsion therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial approach to resuscitation for a febrile and shock-presenting neonate involves correcting glucose, giving fluids, administering antibiotics, starting pressors, and considering hydrocortisone if no other cause of shock is apparent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stages of syphilis include primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The treatment for secondary syphilis involves benzathine penicillin G.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elements of the Ranson Criteria for pancreatitis on admission include age, WBC count, blood glucose, LDH, AST; specific values are required for each element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The causes of a temporary PEA cardiac arrest in a patient with Type 1 DM, fever, and DKA can include acidosis, respiratory decompensation, and hyperkalemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management involves active internal rewarming, followed by advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines for the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management involves describing the process of intubation and the subsequent ventilation settings, which may include tidal volume, respiratory rate, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The approach involves managing the bradycardia and hypotension using ACLS protocols, while considering the potential mechanisms of the bradycardia in the context of an inferior STEMI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The approach involves addressing the patient who did not receive the expected analgesia, managing the intoxicated physician who is still seeing patients, and addressing the potential harm to all other patients seen by the intoxicated physician.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differential diagnosis includes leukemia/blast crisis with concurrent pneumonia from immunosuppression. The final diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differential diagnosis may include various conditions causing epigastric/RUQ pain, while the diagnosis of ascending cholangitis requires prompt recognition and intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The response involves advocating for urgent intervention due to the high risk of complications and the potential for rapid deterioration in patients with ascending cholangitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A) Depressed mood or anhedonia with ≥ 5 of the following for ≥ 2 weeks : M SIGECAPS</p> <ul> <li>Mood depressed*</li> <li>Sleep increased or decreased</li> <li>Interest decreased (anhedonia)*</li> <li>Guilt</li> <li>Energy decreased</li> <li>Concentration decreased</li> <li>Appetite increased or decreased</li> <li>Psychomotor increased or decreased</li> <li>Suicidal ideation</li> </ul> <p>B) Functional impairment C) Not due to a GMC / medication / substance</p> <ul> <li>Not due to a mixed episode / bereavement</li> </ul> <ul> <li>at least one of</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers