Clinical Manifestations of Tetanus
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Questions and Answers

What is the main risk factor for neonatal tetanus?

  • Living in a high-income country
  • Using nonsterile instruments for cutting the umbilical cord (correct)
  • Being in contact with soil
  • Using contaminated material to cover the umbilical stump
  • Which bacterium causes tetanus infection?

  • Clostridium difficile
  • Escherichia coli
  • Clostridium tetanus (correct)
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Where can spores of tetanus bacteria be found in the environment?

  • Animal waste (correct)
  • Food containers
  • Human skin
  • Sea water
  • What prevents the direct entry of toxins into the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>The blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of wound can Clostridium tetani grow well?

    <p>A closed and well-oxygenated wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when Clostridium tetani enters the body through a wound?

    <p>It releases toxins into the blood stream and lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the toxins released by Clostridium tetani circulated to in the body?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spores of tetanus bacteria in the environment?

    <p>They develop into bacteria when entering the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the high incidence of neonatal tetanus in low-income countries or districts?

    <p>Low immunization coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for neonatal tetanus?

    <p>Deliveries by healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Clostridium tetani makes it sensitive to heat and oxygen?

    <p>Anaerobic nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the spores of the tetanus bacteria commonly found in the environment?

    <p>Animal waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do spores of tetanus bacteria develop into bacteria in the body?

    <p>Upon entering the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which toxins (Tetanospasmin) from Clostridium tetani affect the nervous system?

    <p>Circulate in the blood and lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wound provides a suitable environment for Clostridium tetani to grow and produce toxins?

    <p>Closed wounds with poor oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the blood-brain barrier play in preventing the entry of toxins into the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>It acts as a filter to block toxins from entering the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

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