Clinical Manifestations in Veterinary Cardiology
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Questions and Answers

What are the two heart sounds that are typically heard in normal small animals?

  • S1 and S2 (correct)
  • S1 and S3
  • S3 and S4
  • S2 and S3
  • What is the cause of the S1 heart sound?

  • Rapid ventricular filling during diastole
  • Sound of atrial systole
  • Closure of the semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
  • Closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves at the onset of ventricular systole (correct)
  • What is the cause of the S3 heart sound?

  • Rapid ventricular filling during diastole (correct)
  • Sound of atrial systole
  • Closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves at the onset of ventricular systole
  • Closure of the semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
  • What is the cause of the S4 heart sound?

    <p>Sound of atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cardiomyopathy?

    <p>The text does not mention any common cardiomyopathies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial compensation mechanism that helps restore cardiac output to normal levels?

    <p>Increased preload (end-diastolic volume)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'snowball effect' that occurs as a result of the increased preload?

    <p>Left ventricle enlargement, leading to dilated cardiomyopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of the progression of the disease without therapy?

    <p>Myocardial failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the increased regurgitation through the faulty valve leads to increased pressure in the lungs?

    <p>Increased blood volume and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the mitral valve insufficiency on the flow of blood to the left side of the heart?

    <p>Decreases flow to the left side of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity lining?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid accumulation in the chest cavity lining?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed of dogs is most frequently affected by dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Boxers and Doberman Pinschers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial compensation mechanism in dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of dilated cardiomyopathy on the mitral valve?

    <p>It causes mitral valve insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cardiovascular system is affected in the case of dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>The systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of turbulent blood flow leading to a murmur?

    <p>Normal blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the murmur is associated with:

    <p>Filling of non-compliant ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If there is mitral insufficiency, what happens to cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the severity of cardiac disease and the severity of the murmur?

    <p>The severity of cardiac disease is sometimes linked to the severity of the murmur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can alter stroke volume?

    <p>Both contractility and changes in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of pulmonary edema in tricuspid insufficiency?

    <p>Increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the pathophysiology of tricuspid insufficiency and mitral valve disease?

    <p>Tricuspid insufficiency leads to abdominal ascites, while mitral valve disease leads to pleural effusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pulmonary circulation in the context of tricuspid insufficiency?

    <p>The pulmonary circulation is responsible for the increased pressure and pulmonary edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tricuspid insufficiency on exercise tolerance?

    <p>Exercise tolerance is decreased due to the pulmonary edema and respiratory distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the schematic drawing provided in the text?

    <p>To show the flow of blood through the body during normal cardiac function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the S3 heart sound in small animals?

    <p>Related to ventricular filling during diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is most commonly heard at the end of ventricular systole?

    <p>S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of veterinary cardiology, what does an S4 heart sound indicate?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is typically related to the closure of the AV valves at the onset of ventricular systole?

    <p>S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compensatory mechanism of the kidneys in response to the progression of the disease?

    <p>Retaining water and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result without therapy in the progression of the disease?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dilated cardiomyopathy, what happens to the Left Ventricle as a compensatory mechanism?

    <p>It dilates to hold more volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the increased preload due to increased blood volume impact cardiac output?

    <p>Increases it initially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eventual consequence of increased pressure in the lungs due to elevated blood volume and regurgitation?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity lining?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid accumulation in the chest cavity lining?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed of dogs is most frequently affected by dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Boxers and Doberman Pinschers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial compensation mechanism in dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the mitral valve insufficiency on the flow of blood to the left side of the heart?

    <p>Backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy without therapy?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cardiac murmurs is correct?

    <p>Murmurs are caused by turbulent blood flow, which can result from various abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has mitral insufficiency, what is the initial compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output?

    <p>Increasing heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the severity of cardiac disease and the severity of the murmur?

    <p>The severity of cardiac disease is not always linked to the severity of the murmur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can alter stroke volume?

    <p>Contractility and changes in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cardiac pathology, what is the responsibility of the heart and kidneys?

    <p>Controlling the volume of blood moving in circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of pulmonary edema in the context of tricuspid insufficiency?

    <p>Increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels due to congestion in the pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity) in the context of tricuspid insufficiency?

    <p>Increased pressure in the systemic circulation causing leakage of fluid from the peritoneal lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which tricuspid insufficiency leads to increased pressure in the systemic circulation?

    <p>Regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which increased pressure in the systemic circulation can lead to fluid accumulation in the pleural space (pleural effusion)?

    <p>Leakage of fluid from the pleural lining due to increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which tricuspid insufficiency can lead to reduced exercise tolerance?

    <p>Reduced cardiac output due to decreased filling of the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in the pathophysiology of tricuspid insufficiency compared to mitral valve disease?

    <p>Tricuspid insufficiency affects the right side of the heart, while mitral valve disease affects the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

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