Veterinary Cardiology Quiz

A method used to describe the location of heart chambers and major blood vessels on a radiograph by using a clock face analogy. The clock's numbers represent approximate positions, helping to visualize and identify specific structures.

The left atrium is typically visualized in the lateral view of the heart between the 12:00 and 2:00 positions on the clock.

The left ventricle is located on the lateral view between the 2:00 and 5:00 positions.

The right ventricle appears on the lateral view between the 5:00 and 9:00 positions.

The aorta (Ao) is located in the DV/VD view between the 11:00 and 1:00 positions.

The main pulmonary artery (MPA) is found in the DV/VD view between the 1:00 and 2:00 positions.

The left auricle (LAu) appears in the DV/VD view between the 2:00 and 3:00 positions.

The left ventricle (LV) in the DV/VD view is located between the 2:00 and 5:00 positions.

The left auricle is a pouch-like structure located on the left side of the heart, specifically at the 2:00-3:00 o'clock position in a dorsoventral (DV) view.

The left atrium (LA) is located on the left side of the heart, occupying the 12:00-2:00 position in a right lateral view.

The left ventricle (LV) is situated in the left side of the heart, positioned between 2:00-5:00 in a right lateral view.

The right ventricle (RV) occupies the right side of the heart, from 5:00-9:00 in a right lateral view.

The left ventricle is located in the heart, positioned between 2-5 o'clock in a dorsoventral (DV) view.

The heart's apex, the most pointed part, lies on the left side of the midline, slightly off center.

The right ventricle is located on the right side of the heart, occupying the 5 - 9 o'clock position in a dorsoventral (DV) view.

The measurement of the heart's size relative to the vertebral bodies, specifically from the carina to the apex.

A measurement of the left atrium's size using vertebral bodies, from the carina to the caudal vena cava.

A modified version of VLAS, adding the height of the left atrium to the length measurement, improving accuracy for detecting enlarged left atrium.

A condition where the heart appears larger than normal due to excessive fat surrounding it, mimicking cardiomegaly.

A measurement used to assess the size of the heart in canine patients, employing the Vertebral Heart Scale (VHS), Vertebral Left Atrial Size (VLAS), and Modified Vertebral Left Atrial Size (M-VLAS) methods.

A method for assessing cardiac size in cats, utilizing measurements in lateral and dorsoventral projections.

A scoring system used to evaluate cardiac size in cats, using the number of vertebral bodies covered by the heart's length and width.

In cats, heart shape is more important than specific chamber enlargement due to the difficulty in identifying individual chambers.

A specific heart shape seen on radiographs, often indicating bi-atrial enlargement or severe left atrial enlargement.

A common finding in older cats, where the heart appears more tilted due to age-related changes.

A normal anatomical variation in cats where the aorta appears enlarged on radiographs.

The size of pulmonary vessels is measured on radiographs to assess for abnormalities in blood flow.

Enlarged pulmonary arteries and veins can indicate conditions like heartworm disease, pulmonary hypertension or left to right shunting defects.

Enlargement of the left side of the heart, often associated with conditions affecting the left ventricle or mitral valve. It can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and systemic circulation.

Enlargement of the right side of the heart, commonly caused by issues affecting the right ventricle, such as tricuspid valve disease or heartworm disease. It may lead to fluid accumulation in the abdomen and legs.

A type of heart disease in which the left ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other tissues.

A type of heart disease in which the right ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the abdomen and legs.

A common heart disease in dogs, typically caused by degeneration of the mitral valve, leading to leakage of blood back into the left atrium.

A group of heart diseases characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively.

An abnormal narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

A congenital condition in which the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery, does not close after birth.

A heart condition where the left side of the heart enlarges, usually starting with the left atrium and left auricle, and later the left ventricle. It can eventually lead to left-sided heart failure and cardiogenic edema.

Dilated veins in the lungs, indicating congestion. This often occurs due to impaired blood flow from the lungs back to the heart, a common symptom of left-sided heart failure.

A heart condition where the heart muscle weakens, leading to reduced contractility. This may also involve the heart muscle growing larger (hypertrophy). It's common in larger breed dogs and cats.

A type of cardiomyopathy where the heart chambers, particularly the left atrium, become dilated. This can sometimes involve the left ventricle and right-sided chambers depending on the specific cause. Enlarged pulmonary veins are also a characteristic.

A type of cardiomyopathy where the heart muscle thickens abnormally, primarily affecting the left ventricle. This can lead to restricted blood flow and heart failure.

An abnormal opening in the heart wall, either between the ventricles (ventricular septal defect) or between the atria (atrial septal defect). Initially, blood flows from left to right, causing pulmonary overcirculation.

A narrowing of the pulmonary valve, creating turbulence in blood flow through the pulmonary artery. This can lead to undercirculation in the lungs and right-sided heart enlargement.

A narrowing of the aortic valve, usually due to a fibrous band or thickening of the valve itself. This restricts blood flow from the left ventricle, leading to turbulent flow in the aorta and left-sided heart enlargement.

A group of complex heart defects that can involve pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, misplacement of the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy and more. Radiographically, the heart can appear boot-shaped (VD projection) and undercirculation of the lungs is common.