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Questions and Answers
If your patient has tubulointerstitial disease, which type of urine casts will be seen in the sediment?
If your patient has tubulointerstitial disease, which type of urine casts will be seen in the sediment?
The urine protein dipsticks are most sensitive for?
The urine protein dipsticks are most sensitive for?
Which parameter from CBC will be used to determine an anisocytosis?
Which parameter from CBC will be used to determine an anisocytosis?
Normal individual excretes <0.15 g/d of total protein and <0.03 g/d of albumin. Knowing that you define the term microalbuminuria?
Normal individual excretes <0.15 g/d of total protein and <0.03 g/d of albumin. Knowing that you define the term microalbuminuria?
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If your patient has uncompensated metabolic acidosis what shall we expect from his laboratory research?
If your patient has uncompensated metabolic acidosis what shall we expect from his laboratory research?
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Which bilirubin would be increased if your patient has bilirubinuria?
Which bilirubin would be increased if your patient has bilirubinuria?
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Which enzyme is most specific for diagnosis of liver disease?
Which enzyme is most specific for diagnosis of liver disease?
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If your patient has glomerulonephritis, which type of urine casts will be seen in the sediment?
If your patient has glomerulonephritis, which type of urine casts will be seen in the sediment?
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Which type of test we use to detect bacteria in urine?
Which type of test we use to detect bacteria in urine?
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Which parameter from CBC will be used to determine an infectious disease?
Which parameter from CBC will be used to determine an infectious disease?
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Which parameter from CBC will be used to diagnose anaemia?
Which parameter from CBC will be used to diagnose anaemia?
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Normal individual excretes <0.15 g/d of total protein and <0.03 g/d of albumin. Knowing that you define the term proteinuria?
Normal individual excretes <0.15 g/d of total protein and <0.03 g/d of albumin. Knowing that you define the term proteinuria?
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Iron deficiency anaemia is characterised with?
Iron deficiency anaemia is characterised with?
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Pernicious anaemia is characterised by?
Pernicious anaemia is characterised by?
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Write the laboratory parameter to monitor patients on anticoagulant therapy with warfarin?
Write the laboratory parameter to monitor patients on anticoagulant therapy with warfarin?
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If your patient has partially compensated respiratory acidosis what shall we expect from his laboratory research?
If your patient has partially compensated respiratory acidosis what shall we expect from his laboratory research?
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Which laboratory parameter are used to monitor patients on anticoagulant therapy with heparin?
Which laboratory parameter are used to monitor patients on anticoagulant therapy with heparin?
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Study Notes
Clinical Laboratory
- Urine Casts and Tubulointerstitial Disease: Leukocyte casts are observed in cases of tubulointerstitial disease.
- Urine Protein Dipsticks: Dipsticks are most sensitive to albumin.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) parameter in CBC is used for anisocytosis assessment.
- Microalbuminuria: Albumin in the urine, 0.03-0.3 g/day is termed as microalbuminuria
- Metabolic Acidosis: Uncompensated metabolic acidosis shows decreased pH, normal CO2, and a severely decreased HCO3.
- Bilirubinuria: Conjugated bilirubin increases in bilirubinuria.
- Liver Function Tests: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is the most specific enzyme for diagnosing liver disease.
- Glomerulonephritis: Erythrocyte casts are seen in the sediment of patients with glomerulonephritis.
Additional Notes
- Normal Proteinuria: A normal individual excretes less than 0.15 g/day of total protein and less than 0.03 g/day of albumin.
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: Characterized by low red blood cells (RBC), low hemoglobin, and low mean corpuscular volume (MCV).
- Pernicious Anemia: Characterized by a high mean corpuscular volume (MCV).
- Warfarin Therapy Monitoring: Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) used to monitor the anticoagulant warfarin.
- Respiratory Acidosis: Partially compensated respiratory acidosis is indicated by a decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal HCO3.
- Respiratory Alkalosis: Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis shows increased pH, decreased CO2, and normal HCO3.
- Metabolic Alkalosis: Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis shows increased pH, normal CO2 , increased HCO3.
- Metabolic Acidosis: Compensated metabolic acidosis shows decreased pH, decreased or normal CO2, decreased HCO3.
- Acid-Base Disorders: Acidosis is an abnormal condition causing a decrease in arterial pH. Alkalosis is an abnormal condition causing an increase in arterial pH. Simple acid-base disorders are those with a single primary cause, whereas mixed acid-base disorders have multiple causes.
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): GFR is assessed more reliably by calculating creatinine clearance using a formula, and considering serum and urine creatinine concentration along with urine volume.
- Bacteria in Urine: Nitrite test is used to detect bacteria in urine.
- Anemia Diagnosis: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC are parameters used to diagnose anemia.
- Infectious Disease Diagnosis: White blood cells (WBC) are used to diagnose infectious diseases.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in clinical laboratory testing, focusing on urine casts, dipsticks, and blood counts. Topics include mechanisms behind various urine conditions, metabolic acidosis, and liver function tests. Test your knowledge on these critical laboratory findings and their interpretations.
