Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of Tietze Syndrome?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the aetiology of Hyperkyphosis?
How is Tietze Syndrome primarily diagnosed?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with Tietze Syndrome?
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What degree of thoracic kyphosis is classified as hyperkyphosis?
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Which clinical feature is NOT typically present in cases of simple arthralgia?
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What is a clinical characteristic of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint?
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Which condition is characterized by the movement of the mandibular condyles past the articular eminence?
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Which of the following is NOT a known aetiology for TMJ hypermobility/dislocation?
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What defines a headache attributed to TMD?
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Study Notes
Clinical Features of Joint Pain
- Pain during palpation and movements in temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
- Maximum unassisted opening and assisted opening elicit pain.
- Pain during lateral excursion.
- Coarse crepitus absent in simple arthralgia cases.
Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint
- Aetiology includes trauma, infection, metabolic disturbances, and previous surgeries.
- Characterized by joint pain with movement and limitations in motion.
- Deviation towards the affected side and grating joint sounds without clicking.
- May involve TMJ hypermobility, dislocation, or subluxation.
TMJ Hypermobility/Dislocation/Subluxation
- Defined as the mandibular condyles moving past the articular eminence into the infratemporal fossa.
- Usually associated with internal derangement of the TMJ.
- Aetiology includes trauma, developmental disorders, connective tissue disorders, and idiopathic causes.
Headache Attributed to TMD
- Occurs in the temple region related to TMD pain.
- Affected by jaw movement or function and reproducible upon masticatory system provocation.
Shoulder Joint Characteristics
- Most mobile joint in the body, dependent on soft tissue integrity and bony structures.
- Static stability influenced by labrum, glenohumeral ligaments, and capsular ligaments.
Tietze Syndrome
- Characterized by painful, benign swelling of costal cartilages.
- Diagnosis based on exclusion; physical exam reveals chest pain during movement and palpation.
- Typically occurs after minor trauma or physical strain, sometimes related to viral infections.
Hyperkyphosis
- Defined as an increase in thoracic kyphosis exceeding 40 degrees.
- Aetiology includes vertebral fractures, degenerative disc disease, muscle weakness, and neurological conditions.
Heuter-Volkmann Principle in Scoliosis
- Bone growth is inhibited in high-pressure areas and accelerated in low-pressure areas.
- Uneven pressure leads to deformities like scoliosis due to misaligned joint surfaces.
T4 Syndrome
- Presents vague symptoms in the upper thoracic spine and shoulder girdle.
- Rare condition focusing on dynamic stability influenced by shoulder girdle musculature.
Stability Structures of the Glenohumeral Joint
- Static stability involves the shallow glenoid socket, labrum, and joint capsule.
- Ligamentous support provided by anterior glenohumeral ligaments and coracohumeral ligaments.
- Dynamic stability arises from the rotator cuff, deltoid, and biceps/triceps muscles.
Shoulder Joint Movements
- Sternoclavicular joint resting position: arm at side; closed-packed position: full clavicle rotation with maximum abduction.
- Acromioclavicular joint resting position: arm at side; closed-packed position: at 90 degrees abduction.
Sources of Shoulder Pain
- Differentiated into intrinsic (local) and extrinsic (referred) sources.
- Visceral sources of pain can include heart, liver, and lung conditions, often presenting as deep, poorly localized pains.
Pancoast Tumour
- Uncommon lung cancer presenting with cough, dyspnea, and shoulder-related symptoms.
- Associated with radiculopathy and can lead to Horner’s syndrome if untreated.
Myofascial Pain and Trigger Points
- Myofascial trigger points in neck muscles, particularly scalene and rotator cuff muscles, can refer pain to the shoulder.
Transient Brachial Plexopathy
- Non-specific, unlocalized ache post-overhead activities; may or may not be aggravated by passive tests.
Long Head of Biceps Tendinopathy
- Caused by repetitive overload, anatomical factors, and direct trauma.
- Symptoms include diffuse anterior shoulder pain, especially during stretching or resisted contraction.
Shoulder Instability
- Distinction between laxity (measured translation) and instability (symptomatic).
- Instability occurs when ability to maintain humeral head positioning is compromised.
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Description
This quiz explores the clinical features associated with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It covers aspects such as pain during palpation, joint movement, and the implications of trauma and infection as potential aetiologies. Test your knowledge on this important aspect of dental and orthopedic health.
