Anatomy of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

  • Diarthrosis (correct)
  • Synarthrosis
  • Amphiarthrosis
  • Fibrous joint

    • What is the function of the articular disc in the TMJ?

  • It strengthens the joint capsule
  • It attaches to the zygomatic arch
  • It splits the TMJ into an upper and lower compartment (correct)
  • It limits lateral movements

    • Which ligament limits posterior movements of the TMJ?

  • Medial temporomandibular ligament
  • Lateral temporomandibular ligament (correct)
  • Sphenomandibular ligament
  • Stylomandibular ligament

    • What is the name of the region where the TMJ is located?

    <p>Infratemporal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement occurs in the lower compartment of the TMJ?

    <p>Rotational movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the condyloid process moves beyond the articular tubercle?

    <p>The TMJ is fully dislocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Coronoid Process?

    <p>Provides attachment for muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones forms the zygomatic arch?

    <p>Temporal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Mandibular Notch?

    <p>Separates the two superior processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve responsible for providing sensory innervations to the chin and some of the mandibular teeth?

    <p>Mental nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of the jaw caused by the contraction of the platysma, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, geniohyoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the structures of the mandible?

    <p>Superficial Temporal Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has two heads that attach to the condyloid process of the mandible?

    <p>Lateral Pterygoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Protrude the jaw and open the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of displacement of the condyloid process?

    <p>Anterior dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ganglion of the Trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Gasserian ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Lateral part of the inferior surface of the pons varolii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the Frontal Nerve is responsible for the skin of the upper eyelid?

    <p>Lacrimal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Ciliary ganglion?

    <p>It gives off short ciliary nerves to the Ciliary muscle and Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve exits the Middle Cranial Fossa through the Foramen Rotundum?

    <p>Maxillary Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that runs above the pulley of the superior oblique muscle?

    <p>Supratrochlear Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the Dura mater?

    <p>Meningeal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path of the Maxillary Nerve after it exits the Foramen Rotundum?

    <p>It passes through the Pterygopalatine Fossa and then the Inferior Orbital Fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the triangle formed by the anterior border of the SCM and the superior belly of the omohyoid?

    <p>Subclavian triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT an infrahyoid muscle?

    <p>Digastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony landmark that serves as a reference point for the superior nuchal line?

    <p>Inion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is an example of a suprahyoid muscle?

    <p>Mylohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cartilage that is located inferior to the hyoid bone?

    <p>Thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region formed by the posterior belly of the digastric and the inferior belly of the omohyoid?

    <p>Carotid triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Associated Bones and Important Landmarks

    • Temporal bone: has Articular Tubercle/Articular Eminence, which limits the jaw anteriorly and is part of the zygomatic arch
    • External Auditory Meatus: limits the jaw posteriorly
    • Mastoid Process: located posterior inferior to the mandibular fossa
    • Styloid Process: a portion of the temporal bone

    Sphenoid Bone and Zygomatic Bone

    • No specific landmarks mentioned

    Maxilla

    • No specific landmarks mentioned

    Mandible

    • Mandibular/Glenoid Fossa: point where the condyloid process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone
    • Coronoid Process
    • Condylar Process
    • Mandibular Notch: found between the two superior processes
    • Ramus
    • Angle
    • Neck
    • Body: anteriorly, it is lateral to the mental foramina
    • Mental Foramen: where mental nerves exit and provide sensory innervation to the chin and some of the mandibular teeth
    • Mental Nodes: branches of inferior alveolar nerve and the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
    • Mandibular Foramina and Submandibular Fossa: located in the internal aspect of the mandible
    • Submandibular Gland: pushed up against the fossa
    • Inferior Alveolar Nerve: enters the mandibular canal via mandibular foramen
    • Blood supply: Superficial Temporal Artery
    • Nerve supply: Auriculo-temporal nerve and Masseteric branches of the mandibular nerve

    Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

    • Formed by the articulation of the condyloid process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone in the infratemporal fossa
    • Class: Diarthrosis
    • Variety: Ginglymo-arthrodial
    • Articular disc/Meniscus: splits the TMJ into an upper compartment and a lower compartment
    • Upper compartment: gliding movements such as protrusion and retraction, side-to-side/lateral movements
    • Lower compartment: rotational movements such as elevation and depression
    • Joint capsule: surrounds the TMJ; supported by extra-capsular ligaments
    • Principal ligaments:
      • Lateral temporomandibular ligaments: attaches to zygomatic arch and the posterior portion of the neck of the mandible; limits posterior movements
      • Medial temporomandibular ligaments
      • Accessory ligaments:
        • Sphenomandibular ligaments: runs from the ramus of the mandible to the sphenoid bone
        • Stylomandibular ligaments: runs from the ramus of the mandible to the styloid process; limits lateral movements
    • Dislocation: if the condyloid process moves beyond the articular tubercle
    • TMJ is most stable when the jaw is closed
    • Lateral Pterygoid muscle: has two heads; both move posteriorly and will fuse and attach to the condyloid process of the mandible
    • Action: protrude the jaw and important in opening the mouth; unilateral contraction swings jaw to the contralateral side
    • Superior head: attaches to the roof of the infratemporal fossa
    • Action: elevates mandible to close the mouth

    Cranial Nerve #5: Trigeminal Nerve

    • Largest and thickest; has a wide area of distribution
    • Semilunar/Gasserian ganglion rests in a depression (trigeminal impression) on the upper part of the apex of the petrous temporal
    • Meckel's cave: a fold of dura mater that covers the ganglion
    • Mixed sensory nerve
      • Sensory: structures of the face
      • Motor: muscles of mastication
    • Origin: the two roots (larger sensory root and smaller motor root) arise from the lateral part of the inferior surface of the pons Varolii
    • Branches:
      • Ophthalmic Nerve: smallest division
      • Maxillary Nerve: middle cranial fossa
      • Mandibular Nerve: largest division

    Ophthalmic Nerve

    • Branches:
      • Frontal Nerve: largest branch and direct continuation of V1
      • Lacrimal Nerve: smallest and most lateral branch
      • Nasociliary Nerve
    • Ciliary ganglion: a small reddish body situated between the lateral rectus and optic nerve
    • Short ciliary nerves: 12-14 nerves that arise from the ciliary ganglion

    Muscles of the Neck

    • Relative to the position of the hyoid bone
    • Infrahyoid muscles: below the hyoid bone
      • Sternohyoid
      • Sternothyroid
      • Thyrohyoid
      • Omohyoid
    • Suprahyoid muscles: above the hyoid bone
      • Stylohyoid
      • Geniohyoid
      • Mylohyoid
      • Thyrohyoid
      • Digastric

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    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint, including its formation, classification, and movements. It's a 2nd-year, 2nd-semester lab material for general anatomy students.

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