Podcast
Questions and Answers
What enzyme is primarily associated with prostate carcinoma?
What enzyme is primarily associated with prostate carcinoma?
Which condition is NOT caused by metabolic disorders?
Which condition is NOT caused by metabolic disorders?
What is a common enzyme found in urine associated with kidney disease?
What is a common enzyme found in urine associated with kidney disease?
Which of the following is a process involved in catabolism?
Which of the following is a process involved in catabolism?
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Which metabolic disorder is a result of inhibition of certain enzymes?
Which metabolic disorder is a result of inhibition of certain enzymes?
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An increase in which of the following is commonly associated with Type I diabetes mellitus?
An increase in which of the following is commonly associated with Type I diabetes mellitus?
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Which enzymes are typically elevated in lung carcinoma?
Which enzymes are typically elevated in lung carcinoma?
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What type of enzyme is affected by the genetic factors related to metabolic disorders?
What type of enzyme is affected by the genetic factors related to metabolic disorders?
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Which of the following enzymes is associated with hepatopathy?
Which of the following enzymes is associated with hepatopathy?
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What characteristic differentiates active enzymes from non-functional enzymes in plasma?
What characteristic differentiates active enzymes from non-functional enzymes in plasma?
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Which enzyme's elevation can indicate myocardial infarction (MI)?
Which enzyme's elevation can indicate myocardial infarction (MI)?
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence plasma enzyme assay results?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence plasma enzyme assay results?
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Identify the enzyme primarily associated with prostatic cancer.
Identify the enzyme primarily associated with prostatic cancer.
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What type of enzymes are primarily produced in the liver and function in the plasma?
What type of enzymes are primarily produced in the liver and function in the plasma?
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Which enzyme's elevations are most indicative of biliary tract disease or bone disease?
Which enzyme's elevations are most indicative of biliary tract disease or bone disease?
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What is a common physiological condition that may alter plasma enzyme levels?
What is a common physiological condition that may alter plasma enzyme levels?
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What enzyme deficiency characterizes alkaptonuria?
What enzyme deficiency characterizes alkaptonuria?
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Which odor is associated with maple syrup urine disease?
Which odor is associated with maple syrup urine disease?
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What does the accumulation of homogentisic acid in alkaptonuria primarily affect?
What does the accumulation of homogentisic acid in alkaptonuria primarily affect?
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Which diagnostic method is NOT commonly used for confirming inborn errors of metabolism?
Which diagnostic method is NOT commonly used for confirming inborn errors of metabolism?
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Which condition is characterized by a sweet odor in urine and potential brain damage if untreated?
Which condition is characterized by a sweet odor in urine and potential brain damage if untreated?
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What type of disorder does cystinuria represent?
What type of disorder does cystinuria represent?
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What is the primary consequence of impaired synthesis and degradation of amino acids?
What is the primary consequence of impaired synthesis and degradation of amino acids?
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Which metabolic disorder is commonly associated with mousy or musty urine odor?
Which metabolic disorder is commonly associated with mousy or musty urine odor?
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What percentage of CK activity in cardiac muscle is represented by CK-MB?
What percentage of CK activity in cardiac muscle is represented by CK-MB?
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Which enzyme is primarily used to diagnose acute pancreatitis?
Which enzyme is primarily used to diagnose acute pancreatitis?
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What condition leads to an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels, particularly when bile ducts are blocked?
What condition leads to an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels, particularly when bile ducts are blocked?
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Which enzyme is associated with liver disease, especially in obstructive jaundice?
Which enzyme is associated with liver disease, especially in obstructive jaundice?
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Which enzyme is not typically found in damaged hepatocytes but increases due to bile duct obstruction?
Which enzyme is not typically found in damaged hepatocytes but increases due to bile duct obstruction?
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Which enzyme is primarily secreted by the prostate and used to diagnose prostate carcinoma?
Which enzyme is primarily secreted by the prostate and used to diagnose prostate carcinoma?
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What is the first enzyme to increase following an acute myocardial infarction?
What is the first enzyme to increase following an acute myocardial infarction?
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Which enzyme reaches peak levels within 2-3 days after an acute myocardial infarction?
Which enzyme reaches peak levels within 2-3 days after an acute myocardial infarction?
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What condition is associated with peripheral tissue resistance to insulin?
What condition is associated with peripheral tissue resistance to insulin?
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What is a key laboratory finding that indicates diabetes mellitus in a fasting blood glucose test?
What is a key laboratory finding that indicates diabetes mellitus in a fasting blood glucose test?
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Which laboratory test can be used to diagnose G6PD deficiency?
Which laboratory test can be used to diagnose G6PD deficiency?
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What symptom is commonly associated with Von Gierke disease?
What symptom is commonly associated with Von Gierke disease?
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What treatment is typically used for ketoacidosis in diabetes?
What treatment is typically used for ketoacidosis in diabetes?
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What enzymatic deficiency leads to fructosuria?
What enzymatic deficiency leads to fructosuria?
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The presence of ketone bodies in blood and urine is indicative of what condition?
The presence of ketone bodies in blood and urine is indicative of what condition?
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Which metabolic pathway is affected in G6PD deficiency, leading to hemolysis?
Which metabolic pathway is affected in G6PD deficiency, leading to hemolysis?
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What is the primary cause of clinical symptoms in phenylketonuria (PKU)?
What is the primary cause of clinical symptoms in phenylketonuria (PKU)?
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Which condition is associated with a deficiency in the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH)?
Which condition is associated with a deficiency in the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH)?
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What are potential symptoms of acute tyrosinemia in infants?
What are potential symptoms of acute tyrosinemia in infants?
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What is the main phenotypic manifestation of homocystinuria?
What is the main phenotypic manifestation of homocystinuria?
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Which diagnostic technique is specifically used to detect phenylketonuria?
Which diagnostic technique is specifically used to detect phenylketonuria?
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What is a characteristic symptom of maple syrup urine disease?
What is a characteristic symptom of maple syrup urine disease?
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What could be a consequence of untreated tyrosinemia within the first few months of life?
What could be a consequence of untreated tyrosinemia within the first few months of life?
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In which type of diabetes is there an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells?
In which type of diabetes is there an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells?
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Study Notes
Clinical Enzymology
- Active enzymes are secreted into the plasma by organs, usually in small quantities.
- Enzymes are often stored in granule-zymogen vesicles.
- Digestive enzymes are initially produced as inactive proenzymes.
- Enzyme levels in the plasma can indicate disease if they deviate from the healthy baseline.
Factors Influencing Plasma Enzyme Assays
- Analytical factors include substrate and product concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of activators or inhibitors.
- Physiological factors such as age, gender, and physiological conditions impact results.
Isoenzymes
- Isoenzymes catalyze the same reaction but have different electrophoretic mobility.
Intracellular Location of Enzymes
- Cytoplasm: LD, ALT, 30% AST
- Mitochondria: 70% AST
- Golgi complex/ER: CHS, AMS
- Lysosome: ACP
- Membrane: GMT, ALP
Enzymes of Clinical Significance
| Enzyme | Source of Blood Elevation |
|---|---|
| ALT | Hepatopathy |
| AST | MI, hepatopathy |
| GMT | Hepatopathy (alcohol, drugs) |
| ALP | Biliary tract disease, bone disease |
| ACP | Prostatic cancer |
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Description
This quiz explores the secrets of clinical enzymology, focusing on enzyme activity in plasma, factors influencing enzyme assays, and the significance of isoenzymes. Learn how different enzymes correlate with various diseases and their locations within cells.
