Clinical Drug Cards: Acetaminophen

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Questions and Answers

What are the brand names for Acetaminophen?

  • Gralise
  • Tylenol (correct)
  • Midol (correct)
  • Prinivil

What is the maximum dose of Acetaminophen per day?

4g

What medication class does Gabapentin belong to?

  • Analgesic
  • ACE Inhibitor
  • Anticonvulsant (correct)
  • NSAID

Gabapentin binds to GABA receptors in the brain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Lisinopril?

<p>Cough (A), Nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Lisinopril?

<p>Systemic vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Naproxen is a type of ______.

<p>NSAID</p> Signup and view all the answers

Naproxen can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing consideration should be taken for patients using Naproxen?

<p>Monitor pain levels and labs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is indicated for heart failure?

<p>Lisinopril (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a life-threatening side effect of Acetaminophen?

<p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Acetaminophen

  • Analgesic non-opioid used to treat mild pain and fever.
  • Typical dosage: 325-650 mg every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 4g/day.
  • Onset of action takes 30-45 minutes.
  • Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and difficulty sleeping.
  • Life-threatening risks include hepatotoxicity and severe skin reactions like AGEP, SJS, and TEN.
  • Mechanism of action inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, key mediators of pain and fever in the CNS.
  • Important nursing implications: Assess health status and alcohol use; monitor usage of over-the-counter acetaminophen to prevent overdose.

Gabapentin

  • Anticonvulsant and GABA analog, indicated for postherpetic neuralgia and focal seizures.
  • Initial dosage for neuropathy starts at 100-300 mg 1-3 times daily, potentially increasing to 300 mg-1.2g three times daily based on tolerance.
  • Onset is unknown; half-life ranges from 5-7 hours.
  • Side effects include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness; depression and withdrawal symptoms can occur with abrupt discontinuation.
  • Mechanism of action involves modifying neurotransmitter release by binding to voltage-gated calcium channels, influencing brain electrical activity.
  • Nursing considerations: Monitor lab results, assess for multi-organ sensitivity symptoms, and educate on potential drowsiness and seizure precautions.

Lisinopril

  • An ACE inhibitor used for heart failure, hypertension, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
  • Administered orally at a starting dose of 10 mg daily for adults; children require a calculated dosage.
  • Onset of action is within 1 hour.
  • Common side effects: headache, cough, and nausea; serious risks include fetal toxicity and hyperkalemia.
  • Mechanism involves vasodilation by inhibiting ACE, thus reducing angiotensin II levels and affecting blood pressure regulation.
  • Nursing implications include monitoring blood pressure and pulse, assessing for angioedema, and evaluating lab tests for renal function.

Naproxen

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Typical dosing ranges from 500 to 1,000 mg daily in two divided doses.
  • Mechanism of action inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, lowering prostaglandin levels to relieve pain and inflammation.
  • Side effects include edema, abdominal pain, and dyspnea; serious effects include SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
  • Higher risk of hypersensitivity in patients with asthma, aspirin allergy, or nasal polyps; monitor vital signs, pain levels, and lab results.

Senna

  • Laxative brand names include Ex-lax and Senokot, commonly used for constipation treatment.
  • Mechanism enhances intestinal motility through stimulation of peristalsis in the colon.
  • Dosage and side effects not provided; typically monitor for effectiveness and gastrointestinal discomfort.

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