Clinical Drug Cards: Acetaminophen

Study Notes

Acetaminophen

Analgesic non-opioid used to treat mild pain and fever.
Typical dosage: 325-650 mg every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 4g/day.
Onset of action takes 30-45 minutes.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and difficulty sleeping.
Life-threatening risks include hepatotoxicity and severe skin reactions like AGEP, SJS, and TEN.
Mechanism of action inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, key mediators of pain and fever in the CNS.
Important nursing implications: Assess health status and alcohol use; monitor usage of over-the-counter acetaminophen to prevent overdose.

Gabapentin

Anticonvulsant and GABA analog, indicated for postherpetic neuralgia and focal seizures.
Initial dosage for neuropathy starts at 100-300 mg 1-3 times daily, potentially increasing to 300 mg-1.2g three times daily based on tolerance.
Onset is unknown; half-life ranges from 5-7 hours.
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness; depression and withdrawal symptoms can occur with abrupt discontinuation.
Mechanism of action involves modifying neurotransmitter release by binding to voltage-gated calcium channels, influencing brain electrical activity.
Nursing considerations: Monitor lab results, assess for multi-organ sensitivity symptoms, and educate on potential drowsiness and seizure precautions.

Lisinopril

An ACE inhibitor used for heart failure, hypertension, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Administered orally at a starting dose of 10 mg daily for adults; children require a calculated dosage.
Onset of action is within 1 hour.
Common side effects: headache, cough, and nausea; serious risks include fetal toxicity and hyperkalemia.
Mechanism involves vasodilation by inhibiting ACE, thus reducing angiotensin II levels and affecting blood pressure regulation.
Nursing implications include monitoring blood pressure and pulse, assessing for angioedema, and evaluating lab tests for renal function.

Naproxen

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Typical dosing ranges from 500 to 1,000 mg daily in two divided doses.
Mechanism of action inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, lowering prostaglandin levels to relieve pain and inflammation.
Side effects include edema, abdominal pain, and dyspnea; serious effects include SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Higher risk of hypersensitivity in patients with asthma, aspirin allergy, or nasal polyps; monitor vital signs, pain levels, and lab results.

Senna

Laxative brand names include Ex-lax and Senokot, commonly used for constipation treatment.
Mechanism enhances intestinal motility through stimulation of peristalsis in the colon.
Dosage and side effects not provided; typically monitor for effectiveness and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Description

Test your knowledge on Acetaminophen, a commonly used analgesic. This flashcard quiz covers definitions, indications, dosage, onset of action, and side effects. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.