Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of laboratory testing in different patient populations?

To establish reference intervals for laboratory analytes

To identify individuals at sufficient risk of a specific disorder to warrant further investigation

To gain normal values for common laboratory tests to govern the diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of tested individuals (correct)

To match each person to a granular normal reference population

What criteria are used for establishing normality in laboratory testing?

Presence of demographic traits like age, race, and sex

Presence of specific disorder to warrant further investigation

Absence of chronic/acute disease (correct)

Presence of reference individuals to establish reference intervals

What is the role of laboratory testing in mass screening?

Systematic application of a test to identify individuals at sufficient risk of a specific disorder to warrant further investigation

Establishing reference intervals for laboratory analytes

Matching each person to a granular normal reference population

Large-scale identification of disease use of tests, examinations, or other procedures which can be applied rapidly (correct)

What is the purpose of personalized or 'precision' medicine in relation to laboratory testing?

To match each person to a granular normal reference population Signup and view all the answers

What does TEG measure?

Clot stability dependent on platelets and fibrin Signup and view all the answers

What does increased R time in TEG suggest?

FFP treatment Signup and view all the answers

What does decreased alpha angle in TEG suggest?

Cryoprecipitate treatment Signup and view all the answers

What does decreased MA in TEG suggest?

Platelet treatment Signup and view all the answers

What activates platelets?

Subendothelial macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs inhibit platelet activation?

Abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide, and clopidogrel Signup and view all the answers

What does Sonoclot Analyzer measure?

Coagulation and platelet function in whole blood or plasma Signup and view all the answers

What does Platelet mapping with TEG-PM measure?

Platelet function and sensitivity to aspirin and clopidogrel Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard test for diagnosing platelet function disorders?

Platelet aggregometry Signup and view all the answers

What is VerifyNow test?

Automated whole blood aggregometry Signup and view all the answers

What does platelet aggregometry involve?

Adding an agonist to the suspension and recording platelet clumping Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Point of Care Coordinator (POCC) in clinical laboratories?

Managing instrument compliance with regulations Signup and view all the answers

Who holds final responsibility for testing at the site certification in clinical laboratories?

The Medical Director Signup and view all the answers

Which organization oversees the quality and safety of U.S. clinical laboratories through CLIA regulations?

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Signup and view all the answers

How often is proficiency testing typically conducted to evaluate a site's performance against the central laboratory?

2-3 times annually Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of aligning the output delivered by a measurement device with the value of the applied standard of known accuracy called?

Calibration Signup and view all the answers

What is Point of Care Testing (POCT) primarily aimed at achieving?

Yielding quick results for immediate action Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of Point of Care Testing (POCT) devices?

Potential inaccuracies in blood gas and glucose readings Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of tests of each level of Liquid Quality Control (LQC) required for validation of instruments for reference intervals and method correlation?

10 tests Signup and view all the answers

What does 'rule out or rule in disease' refer to?

The ability of a diagnostic test to confirm or exclude a disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Point-of-Care Analyzers and In-Line Blood Gas Analyzers?

Monitoring anticoagulation and hemostasis management Signup and view all the answers

What is the final diagnosis made after receiving test results called?

Confirm diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of clinical laboratory compliance involves reagent management?

Compliance Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can cause hemolysis?

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of using Point of Care Testing (POCT) devices in patient care?

Improving clinical outcomes and reducing operation time, bleeding, and blood transfusions Signup and view all the answers

What are serum and plasma examples of?

Specimens collected for testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of sending samples of unknown values for proficiency testing?

Evaluating the site's performance against the central laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of therapy in the context of health problems?

To treat, control, lessen symptoms, or cure a health problem Signup and view all the answers

What are accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity essential for in lab testing?

Analytical methods used in lab testing Signup and view all the answers

What do clinical specificity and sensitivity measure?

The accuracy of a test in identifying positive and negative results for a disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of making a diagnosis based on clinical signs and symptoms called?

Clinical diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What does specimen collection for biochemical tests require?

Proper labeling and patient information Signup and view all the answers

What is the rupture or destruction of red blood cells called?

Hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

What are sources of error in lab testing?

Preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of measures essential for analytical methods used in lab testing?

Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing: Key Concepts

Diagnosis can be made through clinical signs and symptoms or laboratory tests
Rule out or rule in disease refers to the ability of a diagnostic test to confirm or exclude a disease
Confirm diagnosis is the final diagnosis made after receiving test results
Therapy aims to treat, control, lessen symptoms, or cure a health problem
Specimen collection for biochemical tests requires proper labeling and patient information
Serum and plasma are two types of specimens collected for testing
Hemolysis is the rupture or destruction of red blood cells and can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors
Intrinsic factors causing hemolysis include hereditary conditions and abnormalities in red blood cell structure
A case history example demonstrates abnormal blood test results and a hemolyzed sample
Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity are essential for analytical methods used in lab testing
Sources of error in lab testing include preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors
Clinical specificity and sensitivity are measures of the accuracy of a test in identifying positive and negative results for a disease

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Description

Test your knowledge of clinical diagnosis and laboratory testing with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as specimen collection, diagnostic accuracy, sources of error, and the interpretation of test results. Sharpen your understanding of clinical signs, symptoms, and the role of laboratory tests in confirming or ruling out diseases.