39 Questions
What is the purpose of laboratory testing in different patient populations?
To gain normal values for common laboratory tests to govern the diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of tested individuals
What criteria are used for establishing normality in laboratory testing?
Absence of chronic/acute disease
What is the role of laboratory testing in mass screening?
Large-scale identification of disease use of tests, examinations, or other procedures which can be applied rapidly
What is the purpose of personalized or 'precision' medicine in relation to laboratory testing?
To match each person to a granular normal reference population
What does TEG measure?
Clot stability dependent on platelets and fibrin
What does increased R time in TEG suggest?
FFP treatment
What does decreased alpha angle in TEG suggest?
Cryoprecipitate treatment
What does decreased MA in TEG suggest?
Platelet treatment
What activates platelets?
Subendothelial macromolecules
Which drugs inhibit platelet activation?
Abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide, and clopidogrel
What does Sonoclot Analyzer measure?
Coagulation and platelet function in whole blood or plasma
What does Platelet mapping with TEG-PM measure?
Platelet function and sensitivity to aspirin and clopidogrel
What is the gold standard test for diagnosing platelet function disorders?
Platelet aggregometry
What is VerifyNow test?
Automated whole blood aggregometry
What does platelet aggregometry involve?
Adding an agonist to the suspension and recording platelet clumping
What is the role of the Point of Care Coordinator (POCC) in clinical laboratories?
Managing instrument compliance with regulations
Who holds final responsibility for testing at the site certification in clinical laboratories?
The Medical Director
Which organization oversees the quality and safety of U.S. clinical laboratories through CLIA regulations?
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
How often is proficiency testing typically conducted to evaluate a site's performance against the central laboratory?
2-3 times annually
What is the process of aligning the output delivered by a measurement device with the value of the applied standard of known accuracy called?
Calibration
What is Point of Care Testing (POCT) primarily aimed at achieving?
Yielding quick results for immediate action
What is a limitation of Point of Care Testing (POCT) devices?
Potential inaccuracies in blood gas and glucose readings
What is the minimum number of tests of each level of Liquid Quality Control (LQC) required for validation of instruments for reference intervals and method correlation?
10 tests
What does 'rule out or rule in disease' refer to?
The ability of a diagnostic test to confirm or exclude a disease
What is the primary purpose of Point-of-Care Analyzers and In-Line Blood Gas Analyzers?
Monitoring anticoagulation and hemostasis management
What is the final diagnosis made after receiving test results called?
Confirm diagnosis
What aspect of clinical laboratory compliance involves reagent management?
Compliance
Which factors can cause hemolysis?
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
What is the aim of using Point of Care Testing (POCT) devices in patient care?
Improving clinical outcomes and reducing operation time, bleeding, and blood transfusions
What are serum and plasma examples of?
Specimens collected for testing
What is the primary purpose of sending samples of unknown values for proficiency testing?
Evaluating the site's performance against the central laboratory
What is the aim of therapy in the context of health problems?
To treat, control, lessen symptoms, or cure a health problem
What are accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity essential for in lab testing?
Analytical methods used in lab testing
What do clinical specificity and sensitivity measure?
The accuracy of a test in identifying positive and negative results for a disease
What is the process of making a diagnosis based on clinical signs and symptoms called?
Clinical diagnosis
What does specimen collection for biochemical tests require?
Proper labeling and patient information
What is the rupture or destruction of red blood cells called?
Hemolysis
What are sources of error in lab testing?
Preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors
What are examples of measures essential for analytical methods used in lab testing?
Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity
Study Notes
Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing: Key Concepts
- Diagnosis can be made through clinical signs and symptoms or laboratory tests
- Rule out or rule in disease refers to the ability of a diagnostic test to confirm or exclude a disease
- Confirm diagnosis is the final diagnosis made after receiving test results
- Therapy aims to treat, control, lessen symptoms, or cure a health problem
- Specimen collection for biochemical tests requires proper labeling and patient information
- Serum and plasma are two types of specimens collected for testing
- Hemolysis is the rupture or destruction of red blood cells and can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors
- Intrinsic factors causing hemolysis include hereditary conditions and abnormalities in red blood cell structure
- A case history example demonstrates abnormal blood test results and a hemolyzed sample
- Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity are essential for analytical methods used in lab testing
- Sources of error in lab testing include preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors
- Clinical specificity and sensitivity are measures of the accuracy of a test in identifying positive and negative results for a disease
Test your knowledge of clinical diagnosis and laboratory testing with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as specimen collection, diagnostic accuracy, sources of error, and the interpretation of test results. Sharpen your understanding of clinical signs, symptoms, and the role of laboratory tests in confirming or ruling out diseases.
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