Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a clinical chemistry laboratory?
Which of the following best describes an 'analyte'?
Which historical figure is credited with the first quantitative test for urine sugar?
What method did Max Jaffe develop for determining creatinine levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the use of chemistry profiles or panels in clinical chemistry?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Otto Folin develop related to urine analytes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which reagent was developed by Antoine de Fourcroy?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary contribution of Kay in the field of clinical chemistry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method was introduced in 1960 regarding gamma glutamyl transferase?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following enzymes was first associated with liver disease by Kay?
Signup and view all the answers
Who developed the first assay for acid phosphatase?
Signup and view all the answers
What innovation did Feichtmeier contribute to clinical chemistry?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant advancement in colorimetry did Otto Folin introduce in 1929?
Signup and view all the answers
Arne Tiselius is known for which contribution to clinical chemistry?
Signup and view all the answers
What method was developed by Conway and Cook in 1939?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Clinical Chemistry Overview
- Primary aim: Perform analytic procedures for accurate patient diagnosis and treatment.
- Focuses on biochemical processes and analysis of body fluid constituents.
Key Historical Figures and Contributions
- PPOSPER SYLVAIN DENIS (1841): First elemental chemical analysis of proteins; separated blood proteins into albumins and globulins.
- HERMAN FEHLING (1848): First quantitative test for urine sugar.
- JULES DUBOSCQ (1854): Developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer's Law.
- MAX JAFFE (1886): Created the alkaline picrate method for creatinine determination.
- OTTO FOLIN (1907): Developed tests for urine analytes and established reference values for blood components.
- ANTOINE DE FOURCROY (1789): Discovered cholesterol; regarded as the Father of Clinical Chemistry.
- ARNE TISELIUS (1926): Innovated electrophoresis of proteins.
- WROBLEWSKI and LA DUE (1955): Developed laboratory method for serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Clinical Chemistry Methods and Technologies
- Chemistry profiles and panels assess specific organs, body systems, or overall patient health.
- Analytes: Substances measured, e.g., kidney profile includes non-protein nitrogens (NPNs).
- Reagents used in diagnostic tests are typically liquid, lyophilized, or frozen.
Key Developments in Clinical Chemistry
- 1920: First lab method for measuring serum phosphorus.
- 1921: First lab method for serum magnesium.
- 1940: Transition from visual to photoelectric colorimeters.
- 1948: Establishment of the American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC).
- 1950: Adaptation of Shewhart Quality Control chart by LEVEY and JENNINGS.
Important Methods in Clinical Chemistry
- Kay (1930): Developed first test for Alkaline Phosphatase, aiding in clinical enzymology.
- Cherry and Crandall (1932): Developed first test for serum lipase.
- Somogyi (1938): Innovated tests for serum and urine amylase.
- Conway and Cook (1939): Introduced first lab method for blood ammonia.
Technological Innovations
- Photoelectric colorimeters improved accuracy in colorimetric assays.
- Mechanical pipettor invented by Feichtmeier for enhanced lab efficiency.
- Development of automated analysis methods in the 1970s increased throughput in clinical labs.
Summary of Clinical Chemistry's Impact
- Clinical chemistry has evolved through significant historical contributions, establishing key methodologies for diagnosing diseases based on biochemical analysis.
- Continual advancements in technology and analytical techniques have improved patient care and diagnostic accuracy.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts introduced in the Clinical Chemistry section of the laboratory. Focus will be on elemental chemical analysis of proteins and the historical context provided by PPOSPER SYLVAIN DENIS, who explored blood protein separation. Test your understanding of key principles and practices in clinical chemistry.
