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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a clinical chemistry laboratory?
What is the primary purpose of a clinical chemistry laboratory?
- To perform analytic procedures that aid in diagnosis and treatment (correct)
- To manufacture pharmaceutical products
- To provide housing and care for laboratory specimens
- To conduct surgical procedures on patients
Which of the following best describes an 'analyte'?
Which of the following best describes an 'analyte'?
- A type of disease treated by clinical chemistry
- A panel of tests evaluating multiple conditions
- A substance to be measured (correct)
- A method of analysis used in laboratory procedures
Which historical figure is credited with the first quantitative test for urine sugar?
Which historical figure is credited with the first quantitative test for urine sugar?
- T.W. Richards
- Jules Duboscq
- Max Jaffe
- Herman Fehling (correct)
What method did Max Jaffe develop for determining creatinine levels?
What method did Max Jaffe develop for determining creatinine levels?
Which of the following describes the use of chemistry profiles or panels in clinical chemistry?
Which of the following describes the use of chemistry profiles or panels in clinical chemistry?
What did Otto Folin develop related to urine analytes?
What did Otto Folin develop related to urine analytes?
Which reagent was developed by Antoine de Fourcroy?
Which reagent was developed by Antoine de Fourcroy?
What was the primary contribution of Kay in the field of clinical chemistry?
What was the primary contribution of Kay in the field of clinical chemistry?
Which method was introduced in 1960 regarding gamma glutamyl transferase?
Which method was introduced in 1960 regarding gamma glutamyl transferase?
Which of the following enzymes was first associated with liver disease by Kay?
Which of the following enzymes was first associated with liver disease by Kay?
Who developed the first assay for acid phosphatase?
Who developed the first assay for acid phosphatase?
What innovation did Feichtmeier contribute to clinical chemistry?
What innovation did Feichtmeier contribute to clinical chemistry?
What significant advancement in colorimetry did Otto Folin introduce in 1929?
What significant advancement in colorimetry did Otto Folin introduce in 1929?
Arne Tiselius is known for which contribution to clinical chemistry?
Arne Tiselius is known for which contribution to clinical chemistry?
What method was developed by Conway and Cook in 1939?
What method was developed by Conway and Cook in 1939?
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Study Notes
Clinical Chemistry Overview
- Primary aim: Perform analytic procedures for accurate patient diagnosis and treatment.
- Focuses on biochemical processes and analysis of body fluid constituents.
Key Historical Figures and Contributions
- PPOSPER SYLVAIN DENIS (1841): First elemental chemical analysis of proteins; separated blood proteins into albumins and globulins.
- HERMAN FEHLING (1848): First quantitative test for urine sugar.
- JULES DUBOSCQ (1854): Developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer's Law.
- MAX JAFFE (1886): Created the alkaline picrate method for creatinine determination.
- OTTO FOLIN (1907): Developed tests for urine analytes and established reference values for blood components.
- ANTOINE DE FOURCROY (1789): Discovered cholesterol; regarded as the Father of Clinical Chemistry.
- ARNE TISELIUS (1926): Innovated electrophoresis of proteins.
- WROBLEWSKI and LA DUE (1955): Developed laboratory method for serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Clinical Chemistry Methods and Technologies
- Chemistry profiles and panels assess specific organs, body systems, or overall patient health.
- Analytes: Substances measured, e.g., kidney profile includes non-protein nitrogens (NPNs).
- Reagents used in diagnostic tests are typically liquid, lyophilized, or frozen.
Key Developments in Clinical Chemistry
- 1920: First lab method for measuring serum phosphorus.
- 1921: First lab method for serum magnesium.
- 1940: Transition from visual to photoelectric colorimeters.
- 1948: Establishment of the American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC).
- 1950: Adaptation of Shewhart Quality Control chart by LEVEY and JENNINGS.
Important Methods in Clinical Chemistry
- Kay (1930): Developed first test for Alkaline Phosphatase, aiding in clinical enzymology.
- Cherry and Crandall (1932): Developed first test for serum lipase.
- Somogyi (1938): Innovated tests for serum and urine amylase.
- Conway and Cook (1939): Introduced first lab method for blood ammonia.
Technological Innovations
- Photoelectric colorimeters improved accuracy in colorimetric assays.
- Mechanical pipettor invented by Feichtmeier for enhanced lab efficiency.
- Development of automated analysis methods in the 1970s increased throughput in clinical labs.
Summary of Clinical Chemistry's Impact
- Clinical chemistry has evolved through significant historical contributions, establishing key methodologies for diagnosing diseases based on biochemical analysis.
- Continual advancements in technology and analytical techniques have improved patient care and diagnostic accuracy.
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