Clinical Chemistry I Week 02 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor that should be controlled to avoid preanalytical errors?

  • Temperature of the testing environment
  • Type of specimen container
  • Patient hydration levels
  • Timing of specimen collection (correct)

    • Which substance is specifically used to prevent blood from clotting during specimen collection?

  • Additive
  • Anticoagulant (correct)
  • Preservative
  • Serum

    • Which collection technique involves making a thin cut in the skin typically at the heel?

  • Phlebotomy
  • Skin puncture (correct)
  • Capillary sampling
  • Venipuncture

    • What is the definition of hemolysis in the context of blood specimen collection?

    <p>The disruption of red cell membranes leading to the release of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of container is used specifically for the disposal of sharp objects in a clinical setting?

    <p>Sharps container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the variation that occurs in the level of a substance in the body over a 24-hour period?

    <p>Diurnal variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a preservative in a biological specimen?

    <p>To prevent changes in the specimen's constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is chorionic villus sampling primarily utilized?

    <p>To detect prenatal genetic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of applying a tourniquet during venipuncture?

    <p>To obstruct the return of venous blood temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen type is most commonly collected via arterial puncture?

    <p>Arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following errors are referred to as pre-analytical errors?

    <p>Issues arising from specimen collection and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a skin puncture, what is a common site for infants?

    <p>Heel or big toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additives might be found in collecting tubes for blood specimens?

    <p>Anticoagulants and preservatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Venous blood specimens are preferred for which of the following reasons?

    <p>Less risk of complications compared to skin puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant caution regarding the application of a tourniquet?

    <p>Prolonged pressure can alter chemical composition in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for performing a capillary blood draw in young children?

    <p>To minimize the risk of severe vein damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using venous blood specimens in most analyte tests?

    <p>They have a more stable composition than arterial blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is typically included in the evacuated tube system for blood collection?

    <p>Additives for preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should a tourniquet ideally be applied during venipuncture to avoid chemical changes in the specimen?

    <p>About 1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk associated with repeated venipunctures especially in pediatric patients?

    <p>Potential for severe vein damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood collection method is primarily utilized for gas analysis?

    <p>Arterial puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during venous occlusion in the context of phlebotomy?

    <p>Temporary blockage of venous blood return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen type is NOT typically collected using a capillary blood draw?

    <p>Arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation should skin punctures be preferred for blood collection?

    <p>For pediatric applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a tourniquet have on venous blood during specimen collection?

    <p>It can cause changes in the blood's chemical composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of body fluids is least likely to be collected for laboratory analysis?

    <p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anticoagulants in blood specimen collection?

    <p>To prevent the specimen from clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is essential for proper patient preparation before specimen collection?

    <p>Ensuring the patient is fasting if required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication that can occur during specimen collection if not handled correctly?

    <p>Hemolysis of the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could lead to preanalytical errors in specimen testing?

    <p>Incorrect timing of specimen collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is chorionic villus sampling conducted?

    <p>To detect genetic disorders at an early stage of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the order of draw in blood specimen collection?

    <p>To prevent contamination of samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be an effect of diurnal variation in biological specimens?

    <p>Fluctuations in substance levels impacting diagnostic accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to properly label specimen containers?

    <p>To ensure traceability and accurate patient identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary advantage of using skin puncture technique in collecting blood from infants?

    <p>Reduces the amount of blood required for testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a sharps container during specimen collection?

    <p>To ensure safe disposal of sharp instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Clinical Chemistry I - 0202304

    Week 02: Specimen Collection and Processing

    • Objectives:
      • Describe proper specimen acquisition (patient prep, preservation, timing, handling).
      • Summarize specimen handling for identification on different containers.
      • Describe skin puncture collection technique.
      • Discuss order of draw for multiple blood specimens, including order for multiple tubes.

    Definitions

    • Additives: Compounds added to biological specimens to prevent clotting or preserve constituents.
    • Anticoagulant: Substance that prevents blood from clotting.
    • Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): Prenatal test for birth defects, involving tissue retrieval from chorionic villi.
    • Coagulation (clotting): Sequential process where blood factors interact to form an insoluble fibrin clot.
    • Diurnal variation: Variation in a substance's amount over a 24-hour period.
    • Hemolysis: Disruption of red blood cell membranes, releasing hemoglobin and other components.
    • Phlebotomy: Puncturing a blood vessel to collect blood.
    • Preanalytical errors: Factors affecting specimens before testing (can be controllable or uncontrollable).
    • Preservative: Substance added to a specimen to prevent changes in its constituents.
    • Plasma: Noncellular component of anticoagulated whole blood, containing clotting factors.
    • Serum: Watery portion of blood remaining after clotting, obtained after centrifugation.
    • Sharps container: Container for disposing of sharps.
    • Skin puncture: Collection of capillary blood, typically from a child's heel.
    • Specimen: Sample of body fluid or tissue for analysis.
    • Venipuncture: Process of collecting venous blood.
    • Venous occlusion: Temporary blockage of venous blood return (e.g., tourniquet).

    Critical Specimen Issues

    • Specimens must be valid.
    • Appropriate policies, procedures, and techniques are necessary for:
      • Collection
      • Identification
      • Processing
      • Storage
      • Transport
    • Errors in these areas are called pre-analytical errors.
    • Some errors are controllable.

    Types of Specimens

    • Whole blood
    • Serum
    • Plasma
    • Urine
    • Feces
    • Saliva
    • Spinal, synovial, amniotic, pleural, pericardial, and ascitic fluids
    • Solid tissue
    • Cells

    Blood

    • Phlebotomy: Puncturing a vein or opening a vein to draw blood.
    • Veins: Preferred specimen source for most analyte tests (venipuncture).
    • Arteries: Primarily used for blood gas analyses (arterial puncture).
    • Capillaries: Used for young children, point-of-care tests (skin puncture).

    Equipment

    • Syringes
    • Needles
    • Butterfly infusion set
    • Collection tubes (various sizes and types)
    • Alcohol wipes
    • Bandages
    • Gauze sponges
    • Tourniquet
    • Sharps containers
    • Requisition form
    • Microdevices (for skin puncture)
    • Lancets (for skin puncture)

    Venipuncture

    • Patient should be seated or supine.
    • Torniquet application: Causes occlusion and briefly affects chemical composition. Should not exceed 1 minute.
    • Common veins: Cephalic, intermediate, and basilic veins.

    The Collecting Tubes

    • Contain additives (anticoagulants and preservatives).
    • Color-coded for different uses
    • Anticoagulants: e.g., EDTA, sodium fluoride, heparin, citrate, (K2)EDTA -Preservatives: e.g,,

    Skin Puncture

    • Uses lancets, microdevices.
    • Sample volume is small, good for pediatric applications.

    Site of Puncture (Skin Puncture)

    • Tip of finger, earlobe
    • Heel or big toe of infants

    Arterial Puncture

    • Primarily for gas analysis (e.g., pO2, pCO2, pH)
    • Performed by specially trained technicians or physicians.
    • Sites: Radial artery at wrist, brachial artery in elbow, femoral artery in groin.

    Equipment Necessary for Venipuncture

    • Gloves
    • Needles
    • Collection tubes
    • Alcohol wipes
    • Bandages
    • Gauze sponges
    • Tourniquet
    • Sharps container
    • Requisition form

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    Clinical Chemistry I 0202304 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on specimen collection and processing in Clinical Chemistry. This quiz focuses on acquisition techniques, handling, and understanding of various additives. Perfect for reviewing essential concepts in laboratory practices.

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