Blood Gases Lecture 6

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What is the primary requirement for normal cell metabolism?

Maintenance of blood oxygen within wide limits

Maintenance of blood pH within very narrow limits (correct)

Maintenance of blood oxygen within very narrow limits

Maintenance of blood pH within wide limits

What is the acceptable pH range for blood?

7.70-7.80

7.35-7.45 (correct)

7.50-7.60

7.20-7.30

What would be the consequence of not maintaining the narrow pH range?

Normal cell metabolism would occur

Cell death would occur

Abnormal cell metabolism would occur (correct)

Cell growth would accelerate

What is the relationship between blood pH and normal cell metabolism?

Blood pH affects normal cell metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of blood pH regulation?

It is crucial for normal cell metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a small proportion of carbon dioxide in blood plasma?

It dissolves and is transported to the lungs unchanged Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid?

In the red cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of carbon dioxide diffusion out of tissue cells?

From tissue cells to surrounding capillary blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs?

In dissolved form in plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which carbon dioxide moves out of tissue cells?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hydrogen ions as hemoglobin takes up oxygen from inspired air?

They are decreased Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the process where hydrogen ions are displaced from hemoglobin?

The lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule involved in the process of oxygen uptake and hydrogen ion displacement in the lungs?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the reaction in the lungs compared to the rest of the body?

The opposite Signup and view all the answers

What is inspired during the process of oxygen uptake in the lungs?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary buffer system in blood?

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a strong acid, like HCl, is added to the bicarbonate buffer?

The acid dissociates, releasing hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bicarbonate buffer system in blood?

To maintain a constant pH in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of carbonic acid in the bicarbonate buffer system?

Bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between the bicarbonate buffer and the added strong acid?

Formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bicarbonate ions in the process of pH regulation?

They are reabsorbed into the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the hydrogen ions in the process of pH regulation?

They pass into the lumen of the tubule and are eliminated from the body in urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of carbonic acid dissociation in the process of pH regulation?

Bicarbonate and hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidney in the process of pH regulation?

To eliminate hydrogen ions from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of pH regulation?

To maintain a stable pH level Signup and view all the answers

What triggers increased ventilation in the body?

Increases in carbon dioxide concentration in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of carbon dioxide diffusion in the lungs?

From red cells to alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is monitored by respiratory chemoreceptors in the brain stem?

Carbon dioxide concentration in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the body to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the blood?

Increased ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when carbon dioxide concentration in the blood decreases?

Ventilation decreases Signup and view all the answers

Where do respiratory chemoreceptors respond to changes in carbon dioxide concentration?

In the brain stem Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the process of expiration in the lungs?

Carbon dioxide is excreted in expired air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fate of bicarbonate ions in the process of pH regulation?