![Clinical Chemistry 2 04 [LEC] Adrenal Gland Prelims A.Y. 2022-2023 Quiz](https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1563886146-e45529b559ff?crop=entropy&cs=srgb&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w0MjA4MDF8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxlbmRvY3Jpbm9sb2d5JTIwYWxkb3N0ZXJvbmUlMjAxNy1rZXRvc3Rlcm9pZHMlMjBob3Jtb25lc3xlbnwxfDB8fHwxNzA1ODc2NDY1fDA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=85&w=800)
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Questions and Answers
Which layer of the adrenal gland is responsible for the production and secretion of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and weak androgens?
Which layer of the adrenal gland is responsible for the production and secretion of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and weak androgens?
Which hormone is primarily secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?
Which hormone is primarily secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?
What percentage of the adrenal gland does the Adrenal Medulla comprise?
What percentage of the adrenal gland does the Adrenal Medulla comprise?
Which defect in steroid hormone synthesis can lead to adrenal insufficiency?
Which defect in steroid hormone synthesis can lead to adrenal insufficiency?
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From which cells does the Adrenal Cortex primarily derive?
From which cells does the Adrenal Cortex primarily derive?
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What is the main function of cortisol in the body?
What is the main function of cortisol in the body?
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What color is the Adrenal Medulla when seen on gross sectioning?
What color is the Adrenal Medulla when seen on gross sectioning?
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Which effect is NOT associated with cortisol?
Which effect is NOT associated with cortisol?
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What hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure and volume status?
What hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure and volume status?
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Which imaging technique is considered superior to adrenal CT in diagnosing certain adrenal conditions?
Which imaging technique is considered superior to adrenal CT in diagnosing certain adrenal conditions?
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In patients with aldosteronism, what effect does captopril have on plasma aldosterone levels?
In patients with aldosteronism, what effect does captopril have on plasma aldosterone levels?
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Which zone of the adrenal cortex makes up the majority (75%) of its structure?
Which zone of the adrenal cortex makes up the majority (75%) of its structure?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the adrenal gland?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the adrenal gland?
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What is the primary function of the adrenal gland?
What is the primary function of the adrenal gland?
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What is the term used to describe the location of the adrenal gland?
What is the term used to describe the location of the adrenal gland?
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What is the inherited family of enzyme disorders affecting cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroid production called?
What is the inherited family of enzyme disorders affecting cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroid production called?
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What hormone is responsible for initiating steroid production in the adrenal gland?
What hormone is responsible for initiating steroid production in the adrenal gland?
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What is the approximate weight of each adrenal gland?
What is the approximate weight of each adrenal gland?
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Study Notes
Adrenal Gland Overview
- The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones essential for metabolism, immune response, blood pressure regulation, and stress response.
- Each gland is divided into two main parts: the cortex and medulla.
Adrenal Cortex
- The adrenal cortex produces and secretes:
- Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)
- Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)
- Weak androgens (e.g., DHEA)
- The adrenal cortex primarily derives from mesodermal cells.
- Cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid, regulates metabolism, reduces inflammation, and helps manage stress.
- The zona fasciculata is the largest zone of the adrenal cortex, comprising about 75% of its structure.
Adrenal Medulla
- The adrenal medulla primarily secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
- It appears reddish-brown when observed in gross sectioning.
- The adrenal medulla represents about 20% of the total adrenal gland's mass.
Hormone Regulation and Effects
- Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, lowers plasma aldosterone levels in patients with aldosteronism.
- Cortisol is associated with various effects, but some effects not associated include decreasing blood sugar levels significantly.
- Hormones from the adrenal gland, particularly aldosterone, regulate blood pressure and maintain volume status.
Imaging and Diagnosis
- MRI is considered superior to adrenal CT in diagnosing certain adrenal conditions, including adrenal tumors and hyperplasia.
Adrenal Insufficiency
- A defect in steroid hormone synthesis can lead to adrenal insufficiency, resulting in insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone.
Terminology
- The adrenal gland is located atop each kidney and referred to as suprarenal.
Genetic Considerations
- Adrenal gland disorders can be associated with inherited enzyme deficiencies affecting cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroid production, known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
Adrenal Gland Weight
- Each adrenal gland weighs approximately 7-10 grams.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the adrenal gland, also known as the suprarenal gland. Learn about its location, structure, and functions in hormone production affecting blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
