Clinical Chemistry 2 04 [LEC] Adrenal Gland Prelims A.Y. 2022-2023 Quiz

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which layer of the adrenal gland is responsible for the production and secretion of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and weak androgens?

  • Adrenal Medulla
  • G-zone (Zona Glomerulosa)
  • R-zone (Zona Reticularis)
  • F-zone (Zona Fasciculata) (correct)

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?

  • Progesterone
  • Cortisol
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Aldosterone

What percentage of the adrenal gland does the Adrenal Medulla comprise?

  • 30%
  • 10% (correct)
  • 20%
  • 40%

Which defect in steroid hormone synthesis can lead to adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which cells does the Adrenal Cortex primarily derive?

<p>Mesenchymal cells near the urogenital ridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cortisol in the body?

<p>Maintaining blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the Adrenal Medulla when seen on gross sectioning?

<p>Reddish-brown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect is NOT associated with cortisol?

<p>Stimulating antibody formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure and volume status?

<p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is considered superior to adrenal CT in diagnosing certain adrenal conditions?

<p>Venous sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with aldosteronism, what effect does captopril have on plasma aldosterone levels?

<p>It suppresses plasma aldosterone levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the adrenal cortex makes up the majority (75%) of its structure?

<p><em>Zona fasciculata</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the adrenal gland?

<p>Pituitary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adrenal gland?

<p>Produce hormones that regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the location of the adrenal gland?

<p>Suprarenal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inherited family of enzyme disorders affecting cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroid production called?

<p>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for initiating steroid production in the adrenal gland?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of each adrenal gland?

<p>4-6 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the adrenal gland's location and function?

The adrenal gland is located atop each kidney and plays a vital role in producing hormones essential for various bodily functions.

What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?

The adrenal gland is divided into two main parts: the cortex and medulla, each responsible for producing different hormones.

What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing and secreting hormones like mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and weak androgens.

What are mineralocorticoids and what do they do?

Mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone, are produced in the adrenal cortex and primarily regulate electrolyte balance, especially sodium and potassium levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are glucocorticoids and what do they do?

Glucocorticoids, like cortisol, are produced by the adrenal cortex and play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, reducing inflammation, and helping the body cope with stress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the zona fasciculata?

The zona fasciculata is the largest zone within the adrenal cortex, comprising about 75% of its total structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?

The adrenal medulla primarily secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), hormones crucial for the "fight-or-flight" response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the appearance of the adrenal medulla?

The adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland, appears reddish-brown in gross sectioning due to the presence of chromaffin cells that store the hormones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the size of the adrenal medulla relative to the entire adrenal gland?

The adrenal medulla represents approximately 20% of the total mass of the adrenal gland.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does captopril affect aldosterone levels?

Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, is used to lower plasma aldosterone levels in patients with aldosteronism, a condition characterized by high aldosterone levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the main functions of cortisol?

Cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid, is primarily known for its metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and stress-regulating properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Does cortisol decrease blood sugar levels significantly?

While cortisol plays a role in blood sugar regulation, it's important to note that it does not significantly decrease blood sugar levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do adrenal hormones affect blood pressure and fluid balance?

Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland, particularly aldosterone, play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining fluid balance in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Which imaging technique is preferred for diagnosing adrenal disorders?

MRI is considered more effective than adrenal CT in diagnosing certain adrenal conditions such as adrenal tumors and hyperplasia, providing more detailed imaging of the adrenal glands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is adrenal insufficiency?

Adrenal insufficiency occurs when there is a defect in steroid hormone synthesis, leading to insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

Adrenal gland disorders, like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), can be associated with inherited enzyme deficiencies affecting the production of cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the approximate weight of each adrenal gland?

Each adrenal gland, located on top of each kidney, weighs approximately 7-10 grams.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Adrenal Gland Overview

  • The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones essential for metabolism, immune response, blood pressure regulation, and stress response.
  • Each gland is divided into two main parts: the cortex and medulla.

Adrenal Cortex

  • The adrenal cortex produces and secretes:
    • Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)
    • Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)
    • Weak androgens (e.g., DHEA)
  • The adrenal cortex primarily derives from mesodermal cells.
  • Cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid, regulates metabolism, reduces inflammation, and helps manage stress.
  • The zona fasciculata is the largest zone of the adrenal cortex, comprising about 75% of its structure.

Adrenal Medulla

  • The adrenal medulla primarily secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
  • It appears reddish-brown when observed in gross sectioning.
  • The adrenal medulla represents about 20% of the total adrenal gland's mass.

Hormone Regulation and Effects

  • Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, lowers plasma aldosterone levels in patients with aldosteronism.
  • Cortisol is associated with various effects, but some effects not associated include decreasing blood sugar levels significantly.
  • Hormones from the adrenal gland, particularly aldosterone, regulate blood pressure and maintain volume status.

Imaging and Diagnosis

  • MRI is considered superior to adrenal CT in diagnosing certain adrenal conditions, including adrenal tumors and hyperplasia.

Adrenal Insufficiency

  • A defect in steroid hormone synthesis can lead to adrenal insufficiency, resulting in insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone.

Terminology

  • The adrenal gland is located atop each kidney and referred to as suprarenal.

Genetic Considerations

  • Adrenal gland disorders can be associated with inherited enzyme deficiencies affecting cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroid production, known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Adrenal Gland Weight

  • Each adrenal gland weighs approximately 7-10 grams.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser