Clinical Biochemistry: Enzymes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of enzymes in the body?

  • They slow down reactions
  • They decrease the rate of reactions
  • They increase the rate of reactions without being changed in the overall process (correct)
  • They change the reactants into useless pathways

    • How are enzymes assigned names?

  • They are given three names: a short name, a systematic name, and a trivial name
  • They are assigned two names: a short recommended name and a systematic name (correct)
  • They are given only one name
  • They are not assigned names

    • What is the suffix commonly used in enzyme names?

  • -asein
  • -zyme
  • -ase (correct)
  • -inase

    • Why are systematic names used?

    <p>To identify enzymes without ambiguity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are enzymes classified in the systematic naming system?

    <p>Into six major classes with numerous subgroups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of some enzymes that retain their original trivial names?

    <p>They do not give a hint of the associated enzymatic reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the active enzyme with its nonprotein component?

    <p>Holoenzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules can bind to enzymes and increase their activity?

    <p>Either metal ions or small organic molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of localizing enzymes in specific organelles within the cell?

    <p>To isolate the reaction substrate or product from other competing reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

    <p>To accelerate the reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that explains the action of a catalyst?

    <p>Transition state theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a coenzyme that only transiently associates with the enzyme?

    <p>Cosubstrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix attached to a description of the chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme?

    <p>-ase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the active site in an enzyme molecule?

    <p>To bind the substrate and participate in catalysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the binding of the substrate to the enzyme?

    <p>A conformational change in the enzyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much faster do enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed compared to uncatalyzed reactions?

    <p>103–108 times faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the turnover number of an enzyme?

    <p>The number of molecules of substrate converted to product per enzyme molecule per second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of enzymes in terms of their specificity?

    <p>They interact with one or a few substrates and catalyze only one type of chemical reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pH range at which most enzymes function?

    <p>Between 6 and 8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the enzyme activity when the product concentration increases?

    <p>The enzyme activity decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on certain enzymes?

    <p>It inactivates the enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low Km value indicate about an enzyme's substrate affinity?

    <p>A strong substrate affinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which pH does the enzyme pepsin function best?

    <p>pH 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of extreme pH on enzyme activity?

    <p>The enzyme becomes totally inactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy required to convert a substance from its ground state to its transition state?

    <p>Activation energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction change when the concentration of enzyme is increased?

    <p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the velocity of an enzyme reaction when the temperature is increased?

    <p>It increases up to a maximum, then declines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum temperature range for most enzymes?

    <p>35°C–40°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some enzymes, like Taq DNA polymerase, remain active at high temperatures?

    <p>Due to their highly stable structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in enzyme velocity when the temperature is increased by 10°C?

    <p>Q10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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