Clinical Bacteriology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What condition is characterized by chills, fever, malaise, toxicity, and hypotension?

  • Transient bacteraemia
  • Hypotonic shock
  • Endocarditis
  • Septicaemia (correct)

Which type of bacteraemia is typically due to commensal bacteria and resolves spontaneously?

  • Transient bacteraemia (correct)
  • Persistent bacteraemia
  • Chronic bacteraemia
  • Severe bacteraemia

Which of the following infections is NOT typically associated with bacteraemia?

  • Typhoid fever
  • Pneumonia
  • Appendicitis (correct)
  • Meningitis

What can lead to both bacteraemia and fungaemia via iatrogenic means?

<p>Contaminated intravenous fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an example of persistent bacteraemia?

<p>Endocarditis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is WHO’s principal objective?

<p>Promoting global health and disease prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which edition of the book 'Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology' is referenced?

<p>Second edition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is primarily responsible for the publication of the book?

<p>World Health Organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contact information is provided for ordering WHO publications?

<p>Phone, fax, and email addresses only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data were classified in the WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication?

<p>Bacteriological techniques and standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is NOT mentioned in the affiliations of the authors?

<p>France (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the WHO publications as indicated in the content?

<p>Manuals for laboratory techniques and standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using commercial dehydrated powders for laboratory media?

<p>They are economical to transport and store. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agar is recommended for the isolation of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae?

<p>MacConkey agar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which media is considered to be highly selective for isolating certain bacteria?

<p>Salmonella–Shigella agar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should ordering quantities for dehydrated media be utilized to ensure freshness?

<p>Within 6 months (A), Within 1 year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to containers of dehydrated media in humid climates?

<p>Seal their tops with paraffin wax. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of stocking laboratory media?

<p>Maintaining a small range consistent with test types. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to tighten the caps of all containers upon receipt of dehydrated media?

<p>To avoid moisture absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should dehydrated media be packed for storage?

<p>In containers to be used in 1-2 months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of media is less selective and can be used as an all-purpose medium?

<p>MacConkey agar (B), Chocolate agar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections should be included in an external quality assessment programme in bacteriology?

<p>Brucellosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of culturing blood in clinical bacteriology?

<p>To detect and identify bacteria or other cultivable microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the presence of bacteria in the blood?

<p>Bacteraemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are laboratories identified in an external quality assessment programme?

<p>By a unique code known only to themselves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patterns is an example of a bacteria with special resistance?

<p>Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infection is characterized by a serological test as part of the quality assessment?

<p>Syphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step that occurs after laboratories receive their individual results in the quality assessment programme?

<p>Sending a final report with an analysis of results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of organisms in the blood indicate in healthy subjects?

<p>Pathological condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of serological tests in bacteriology external quality assessment?

<p>Identifying infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an infection to be part of the external quality assessment in bacteriology?

<p>Chlamydia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium showed positive growth on Mannitol salt agar?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result for E. coli when tested in Methyl red/Voges–Proskauer medium?

<p>Positive for Methyl red, negative for Voges–Proskauer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is noted for being negative in the Phenylalanine deaminase test?

<p>E. coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is oxidatively fermentative under dextrose conditions without oil?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strain is indicated as negative in nitrate broth?

<p>Acinetobacter lwoffi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On Salmonella–Shigella agar, which organism produces colourless colonies?

<p>Salmonella typhimurium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which medium did E. coli show no growth after 24 hours?

<p>Salmonella–Shigella agar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the colour of colonies produced by Staphylococcus on Mannitol salt agar?

<p>Yellow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is noted to produce a positive result in the Peptone water indole test?

<p>Proteus mirabilis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism demonstrates acceptable zone sizes on Mueller–Hinton agar?

<p>E. coli ATCC 25922 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

World Health Organization (WHO)

A global health organization dedicated to promoting health and preventing diseases worldwide.

Clinical Bacteriology

A branch of medicine focusing on the identification and study of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, to diagnose and manage infectious diseases.

Basic Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Bacteriology

Basic procedures and techniques used in clinical bacteriology laboratories to study bacteria.

WHO's Main Objective

The primary objective of WHO is to achieve the highest possible level of health for all people.

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WHO's Methods

To achieve its main objective, WHO uses various methods including publishing books and resources.

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WHO's Books

The books published by WHO contribute to achieving their main objective by providing information, training, and tools related to health and disease control.

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This Book's Purpose

This book, "Basic Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Bacteriology", is a practical resource for healthcare professionals working in microbiology laboratories.

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Bacteremia

Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Can be transient or persistent

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Septicemia

Bacteremia causing severe symptoms like fever, chills, and low blood pressure

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Transient bacteremia

Bacteremia that occurs briefly after a procedure like dental work or catheterization and usually resolves on its own

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Persistent bacteremia

Bacteremia that persists over time, often associated with infections like endocarditis or meningitis

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Iatrogenic bacteremia

Bacteremia from accidental introduction of microorganisms into the bloodstream, often through intravenous fluids, catheters, or needles

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Mannitol Salt Agar

A selective and differential agar medium that differentiates between staphylococci and other bacteria based on their ability to ferment mannitol.

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Methyl Red Test

A microbiological test that differentiates between E. coli and K. pneumoniae based on their ability to produce red color in the presence of methyl red.

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Disk Diffusion Method

A method of bacterial sensitivity testing that involves measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition around an antibiotic disk on a Mueller-Hinton agar plate.

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Nitrate Reduction Test

A biochemical test used to differentiate between bacteria that can reduce nitrate to nitrite and those that cannot.

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Oxidation-Fermentation Test

A test that differentiates between bacteria based on their ability to ferment a specific sugar (like dextrose) with or without the presence of oxygen.

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Indole Test

A biochemical test used to detect the presence of tryptophanase, an enzyme that breaks down tryptophan into indole.

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Phenylalanine Deaminase Test

A biochemical test that identifies bacteria capable of deaminating phenylalanine to phenylpyruvic acid, which reacts with ferric chloride to produce a green color.

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Salmonella–Shigella Agar

A selective and differential agar medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella species from mixed cultures.

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Deoxycholate Citrate Agar

A selective and differential agar medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella species from mixed cultures.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

A bacterium known for causing pneumonia, especially in hospital settings.

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Why are dehydrated media preferred?

Commercial dehydrated powders are often preferred because they are cost-effective to transport and store, and generally have higher quality than media prepared in the lab.

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What is the strategy for selecting lab media?

A well-equipped lab aims to minimize the types of culture media kept, using versatile bases for diverse purposes.

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What is an advantage of using an agar base?

A good agar base can be used to prepare various media like blood agar, chocolate agar, and some selective media.

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What media are essential for isolating enteric pathogens?

Two media are crucial for isolating enteric pathogens from stool samples: one highly selective (Salmonella–Shigella agar or deoxycholate citrate agar) and one less selective (MacConkey agar).

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What unique medium is needed for Campylobacter recovery?

A specialized medium is required for cultivating Campylobacter spp., which are common foodborne pathogens.

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What is the recommended ordering quantity for dehydrated media?

To prevent deterioration and waste, dehydrated media should be ordered in quantities that will be used within 6 months to 1 year.

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How should dehydrated media be repacked?

Smaller quantities of dehydrated media should be repackaged into containers that can be used within 1-2 months.

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What should be done with dehydrated media containers upon arrival?

Upon receipt, secure the caps of all containers tightly to prevent moisture absorption.

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What additional precaution is needed for dehydrated media storage in humid climates?

In humid environments, seal the tops of dehydrated media containers with paraffin wax to prevent moisture absorption.

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Negative Control in Microbiology

A mixture of nonpathogenic organisms used to test the ability to identify negative test results. It helps assess the accuracy of laboratory tests and ensure reliable identification of organisms.

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Serological tests in bacteriology

Blood tests for specific infections that should be included in an external quality assessment program in bacteriology to ensure accurate and reliable diagnosis.

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Resistance Patterns in Bacteria

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of bacteria with resistance to a specific antibiotic. Testing for resistance patterns of bacteria helps to identify potential treatment challenges and choose effective therapies.

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External Quality Assessment

The practice of evaluating the accuracy and reliability of laboratory testing procedures to ensure consistent and accurate results.

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Bacteremia or Fungaemia

The presence of bacteria or other cultivable microorganisms, such as yeasts and filamentous fungi, in the blood. This is usually an indication of an infection or illness.

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Blood Culture

The process of growing bacteria or other microorganisms in a laboratory setting for identification and study. Blood cultures are performed to detect and identify micro-organisms in the blood.

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When are blood cultures performed?

Blood culture tests are performed to detect the presence of bacteria or other microorganisms in the blood. They are typically carried out to diagnose bacteremia or fungemia, often indicating a bloodstream infection.

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Rating and reporting of results

The process of recording and analyzing results of laboratory tests, often done for quality control and improvement purposes.

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Analysis of results

The process of receiving and analyzing results from participating laboratories in an external quality assessment program, providing feedback to improve laboratory performance

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Laboratory code

Each laboratory participating in an external quality assessment program receives an assigned code. This allows the lab to view its own performance anonymously while comparing it to the performance of other participating labs.

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Study Notes

Book Title and Edition

  • Basic Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Bacteriology
  • 2nd edition

Publisher and Location

  • World Health Organization
  • Geneva, Switzerland

Publication Year

  • 2003

Authors

  • J. Vandepitte and J. Verhaegen
  • K. Engbaek
  • P. Rohner
  • P. Piot
  • C. C. Heuck

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Basic Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Bacteriology PDF 2nd Edition

Description

Test your knowledge on clinical bacteriology, including conditions related to bacteraemia and fungaemia. The quiz covers key topics such as WHO objectives, laboratory procedures, and the use of commercial laboratory media. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of microbiology and healthcare.

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