Podcast
Questions and Answers
DNA segments that can move within the genome are known as ______.
DNA segments that can move within the genome are known as ______.
transposons
The process by which bacteriophages may integrate into a bacterial host's chromosome is known as ______ conversion.
The process by which bacteriophages may integrate into a bacterial host's chromosome is known as ______ conversion.
lysogenic
Mutations can occur due to exposure to certain chemical and physical ______.
Mutations can occur due to exposure to certain chemical and physical ______.
agents
A change in the DNA base sequence is referred to as a ______.
A change in the DNA base sequence is referred to as a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Bacteriophages that do not immediately kill their host are often involved in ______ cycles.
Bacteriophages that do not immediately kill their host are often involved in ______ cycles.
Signup and view all the answers
The bacterial DNA carried by a bacteriophage enhances its ability to ______ genetic material.
The bacterial DNA carried by a bacteriophage enhances its ability to ______ genetic material.
Signup and view all the answers
The term ______ is used to describe the phenomenon where cells can become immune to reinfection by the same phage.
The term ______ is used to describe the phenomenon where cells can become immune to reinfection by the same phage.
Signup and view all the answers
Mutations can result from errors during ______ replication.
Mutations can result from errors during ______ replication.
Signup and view all the answers
The donor strain (F+) possesses a fertility factor (F factor) on a ______ that carries the genes for conjugative transfer.
The donor strain (F+) possesses a fertility factor (F factor) on a ______ that carries the genes for conjugative transfer.
Signup and view all the answers
Bacteriophage are ______ that consist of a chromosome surrounded by a protein coat.
Bacteriophage are ______ that consist of a chromosome surrounded by a protein coat.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ or virulent phage replicates usually through the lytic cycle.
The ______ or virulent phage replicates usually through the lytic cycle.
Signup and view all the answers
The production of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses would cause the ______ bacteria to die.
The production of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses would cause the ______ bacteria to die.
Signup and view all the answers
Bacteriophage DNA directs the bacterial cell to synthesize phage ______ and phage protein.
Bacteriophage DNA directs the bacterial cell to synthesize phage ______ and phage protein.
Signup and view all the answers
In the lytic phase, the bacterial cell eventually ______, releasing a new phage.
In the lytic phase, the bacterial cell eventually ______, releasing a new phage.
Signup and view all the answers
Temperate phage can replicate through the ______ cycle.
Temperate phage can replicate through the ______ cycle.
Signup and view all the answers
The incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome creates a ______.
The incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome creates a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The donor strain produces a hollow surface appendage called a ______ or conjugation pilus.
The donor strain produces a hollow surface appendage called a ______ or conjugation pilus.
Signup and view all the answers
Resistance plasmid conjugation involves sharing of the ______ which provides some form of antibiotic resistance.
Resistance plasmid conjugation involves sharing of the ______ which provides some form of antibiotic resistance.
Signup and view all the answers
Transformation occurs after the uptake of DNA fragments from the ______
Transformation occurs after the uptake of DNA fragments from the ______
Signup and view all the answers
The chromosome is a single, long piece of circular, double-stranded ______
The chromosome is a single, long piece of circular, double-stranded ______
Signup and view all the answers
Bacterial DNA contains 2000 to 4000 ______
Bacterial DNA contains 2000 to 4000 ______
Signup and view all the answers
Plasmids replicate ______
Plasmids replicate ______
Signup and view all the answers
The RecA protein is a recombinase functioning in a recombinational DNA ______ in bacteria
The RecA protein is a recombinase functioning in a recombinational DNA ______ in bacteria
Signup and view all the answers
Vertical gene transfer occurs from mother to cell ______
Vertical gene transfer occurs from mother to cell ______
Signup and view all the answers
Horizontal gene transfer includes processes such as ______ and transduction
Horizontal gene transfer includes processes such as ______ and transduction
Signup and view all the answers
Plasmids can contain genes for toxins and proteins that promote ______
Plasmids can contain genes for toxins and proteins that promote ______
Signup and view all the answers
Competent bacteria are able to accept naked DNA from the ______
Competent bacteria are able to accept naked DNA from the ______
Signup and view all the answers
The number of plasmids in a bacterial cell may range from one to ______
The number of plasmids in a bacterial cell may range from one to ______
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bacterial Genetics Overview
- Bacterial transformation involves the uptake of DNA fragments from the environment.
- The bacterial chromosome consists of a single, circular, double-stranded DNA with 2000 to 4000 genes essential for growth and replication.
Plasmids
- Plasmids are small, circular DNA that replicate independently and contain genes for toxins and proteins promoting gene transfer.
- They are not essential for growth, allowing bacteria to gain or lose them.
- Plasmids can range from one to hundreds in a bacterial cell and may be exchanged nonsexually between species.
Gene Transfer Mechanisms
- Vertical Gene Transfer occurs through binary fission from mother to offspring.
-
Horizontal Gene Transfer includes:
- Conjugation: DNA transfer from a donor (F+) strain to a recipient via a sex pilus. The donor carries the F factor on a plasmid.
-
Transduction: Involves bacteriophages transferring DNA fragments between bacteria, with phages having either a lytic or lysogenic cycle.
- Lytic Cycle: Destroys host bacteria, producing new phage particles that infect other bacteria.
- Lysogenic Cycle: Integrates viral DNA into the host genome, creating a prophage without immediately killing the host.
Bacteriophage Types
- Lytic or Virulent Phage: Causes host bacterial cell lysis, generating new viruses.
- Temperate Phage: Integrates into the host genome and can remain dormant as a prophage.
Transposons
- Transposons are mobile DNA segments capable of integrating into chromosomal DNA and facilitating the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Mutation
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that may alter protein coding, arising from single nucleotide changes or errors during replication at a rate of 1 in 10 million cells.
- Physical and chemical agents can significantly elevate mutation rates.
Mobile Genetic Elements
- Mobile genetic elements, also known as "jumping genes," can relocate within the chromosome, influencing genetic variability and evolution.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the principles of clinical bacteriology with a specific emphasis on bacterial genetics, particularly the process of transformation. Ideal for 1st semester students preparing for prelims, it covers key concepts related to DNA uptake and chromosome structure in bacteria.
