Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended adult dose of Indomethacin?
What is the recommended adult dose of Indomethacin?
- 4-15mg every 3-4 hours
- 25mg x4/day
- 50-200mg per day (correct)
- 25mg every morning
Which of the following is NOT a key principle to follow when interpreting a plain film (radiograph)?
Which of the following is NOT a key principle to follow when interpreting a plain film (radiograph)?
- Cartilage
- Adequacy
- Muscles (correct)
- Bones
Which of the following is considered a yellow flag?
Which of the following is considered a yellow flag?
- Pain on the affected side
- Psychosocial indicators suggesting increased risk of progression to long-term distress (correct)
- Firm end feel
- Possible serious underlying pathology
What is the purpose of measuring axillary crutches below the axilla?
What is the purpose of measuring axillary crutches below the axilla?
What is a red flag in a musculoskeletal assessment?
What is a red flag in a musculoskeletal assessment?
Which of these descriptions is most likely to refer to a deep, constant pain?
Which of these descriptions is most likely to refer to a deep, constant pain?
What sign of a musculoskeletal injury involves a change in skin color that indicates impaired blood flow?
What sign of a musculoskeletal injury involves a change in skin color that indicates impaired blood flow?
Which of the following radiological imaging techniques is most commonly used to visualize bone structures?
Which of the following radiological imaging techniques is most commonly used to visualize bone structures?
A patient with a lesion to the median nerve at the wrist may experience difficulty with which movement?
A patient with a lesion to the median nerve at the wrist may experience difficulty with which movement?
Which of the following is a feature commonly observed during a general assessment of a patient with a musculoskeletal injury?
Which of the following is a feature commonly observed during a general assessment of a patient with a musculoskeletal injury?
What is NOT a factor determining irritability?
What is NOT a factor determining irritability?
When measuring hip adduction AROM, which landmark is used as the distal/moving arm?
When measuring hip adduction AROM, which landmark is used as the distal/moving arm?
What is the expected end feel of hip internal rotation in an unaffected joint?
What is the expected end feel of hip internal rotation in an unaffected joint?
Which of the following are potential consequences of prolonged bed rest?
Which of the following are potential consequences of prolonged bed rest?
Which of these is NOT a reason for having greater PROM than AROM in ankle dorsiflexion?
Which of these is NOT a reason for having greater PROM than AROM in ankle dorsiflexion?
During shoulder abduction, what type of movement does the humerus undergo relative to the glenoid cavity?
During shoulder abduction, what type of movement does the humerus undergo relative to the glenoid cavity?
Which outcome measure is MOST appropriate for assessing lower limb function?
Which outcome measure is MOST appropriate for assessing lower limb function?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for controlling ankle motion during the terminal stance phase of gait?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for controlling ankle motion during the terminal stance phase of gait?
What questions might you ask a patient about the mechanism of injury to gain a better understanding of their condition?
What questions might you ask a patient about the mechanism of injury to gain a better understanding of their condition?
Which of the following are potential symptoms that a patient may report after a musculoskeletal injury?
Which of the following are potential symptoms that a patient may report after a musculoskeletal injury?
Flashcards
Passive Joint ROM Test Findings
Passive Joint ROM Test Findings
Clinically significant findings for hip extension include pain on the affected side and firm vs springy end feel.
Axillary Crutches Measurement
Axillary Crutches Measurement
The axillary support of axillary crutches must be measured below the axilla to avoid neurovascular bundle compression.
Muscle Strength Test Validity Factors
Muscle Strength Test Validity Factors
Factors ensuring validity of ankle plantarflexors muscle strength test include proper position, consistent effort, and appropriate resistance.
ABCs of Radiograph Interpretation
ABCs of Radiograph Interpretation
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Red Flag vs Yellow Flag
Red Flag vs Yellow Flag
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Factors Determining Irritability
Factors Determining Irritability
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Anatomical Landmarks for AROM
Anatomical Landmarks for AROM
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End Feel: Hip Extension
End Feel: Hip Extension
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PROM vs. AROM in Ankle Dorsiflexion
PROM vs. AROM in Ankle Dorsiflexion
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Effects of Bed Rest
Effects of Bed Rest
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Postural Hypotension
Postural Hypotension
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Glenohumeral Joint Movement
Glenohumeral Joint Movement
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Gait Cycle - Loading Response
Gait Cycle - Loading Response
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Lowest Center of Mass
Lowest Center of Mass
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Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Issues
Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Issues
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Nature of Pain
Nature of Pain
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Palpation Examination Findings
Palpation Examination Findings
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Radiological Imaging Types
Radiological Imaging Types
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Ulnar Nerve Lesion Findings
Ulnar Nerve Lesion Findings
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Median Nerve Lesion at Wrist
Median Nerve Lesion at Wrist
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Study Notes
Pre-tutorial Activity (Quiz)
- Quiz Content: Covers subjective assessment, objective assessment, gait aids, functional anatomy, biomechanics, pathology, and pharmacology.
- Resource Use: Use recommended references, online databases, and textbooks.
- Correct Answers: Posted on vUWS for students who complete and submit the activity in the Independent Learning Folder Week 1.
Special Examination Questions
- Two Key Questions:
- Pain that wakes you up at night.
- Recent and sudden weight loss.
- Reasoning: These questions are clinically significant, as they can highlight underlying or serious conditions.
Body Chart Completion
- Patient Complaint: Constant (5/10) diffuse pain on the posterior aspect of the left forearm with no associated sensory changes, neck pain or shoulder pain.
- Additional Pain: Intermittent pain (2/10) at the site of a left tibia & fibula fracture with a dry dressing. Aggravated by walking, with tingling on the left foot dorsum after 10 minutes of walking.
- Recent Onset: Right knee pain (around the patella) when walking, not related to previous injury to the legs. LBP 5yrs prior.
Passive Joint ROM Test
- Significant Findings: Pain on the affected side, firm or springy end feel.
Axillary Crutches Support
- Measurement Level: Ensure the axillary support of axillary crutches is measured below the axilla to avoid compression on the neurovascular bundle.
Ankle Plantarflexor Muscle Strength Test
- Key Factors:
- Validity of the test: Factors influencing the reliability of muscle strength test result are important .
Social History Questions
- Example Questions
- 3 key questions to elicit social history
Plain Film Interpretation Principles
- Key Principles: Adequacy & Alignment, Bones, Cartilage, and Soft Tissues.
Analgesics
- Oral: Paracetamol (X2 500mg tablets every 4hrs), Tramadol (25mg every morning, up to 25mg x4/day), Indomethacin (50-200mg per day).
- IV (PCA): Morphine (4-15mg every 3-4hrs, IM or subcutaneous 2.5-20mg every 3-4hrs, oral/sublingual 5-30mg every 3-4hrs, rectal 10-30mg every 4hrs)
Red and Yellow Flags
- Red Flag: Possible serious underlying pathology.
- Yellow Flag: Psychosocial indicators suggesting increased risk of progression to long-term distress.
Pain Irritability Factors
- Factors: Severity of pain, amount of activity to aggravate pain, amount of time to allow pain to reduce.
Hip Adduction AROM Measurement
- Anatomical Landmarks: Proximal (stable) arm, axis of rotation, distal (moving) arm - These are used for reliable measurement.
Unaffected Joint End Feels
- Movements and their respective unaffected end feels.
Ankle Dorsiflexion PROM vs AROM
- Reason: Muscle weakness, active insufficiency, pain due to contractile component, or inhibition of muscle (weakness).
Outcome Measures
- Example: 6MWT, 10MWT, Berg Balance Scale, DASH, Tampa Scale, Functional Status Questionnaire, AAOS Lower Limb Questionnaire.
Bed Rest Effects
- Effects: Postural hypotension, increased risk of respiratory infection, decreased lung volumes & MCC (muscle, connective, and cartilage effects), impaired immune response, increased risk of DVT & emboli, impaired venous stasis, etc.
Humerus and Glenoid
- Movement: Humerus rolls cephalad and slides caudad on the glenoid cavity during shoulder abduction.
Gait Cycle Muscle Function
- Muscle: Quadriceps femoris at knee for the loading response.
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