Clinical and Surgical Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

In the anatomical position, what is the orientation of the palms?

Facing downward

Facing forward (correct)

Facing upward

Facing backward

What is the term for the position where a person is lying on their back, arms by the side, face and trunk facing upward?

Prone position

Sitting position

Lithotomy position

Supine position (correct)

What is the region of the trunk that includes the chest area?

Thoracic region (correct)

Abdominal region

Cervical region

Pelvic region

What is the name of the region that includes the head and neck?

Axial region Signup and view all the answers

How many organ systems are in the human body?

Eleven Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the molecules that make up organelles and other cellular components?

Macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collective structures that carry out specific functions within a cell?

Organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region that includes the arms and legs?

Appendicular region Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region of the upper limb that includes the wrist?

carpal region Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?

Horizontal, or Transverse plane Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the plane that passes through the body at an oblique angle?

Oblique plane Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the lower limb includes the ankle?

Tarsal region Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the median plane that passes through the midline of the body?

Midsagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Coronal plane Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region of the upper limb that includes the arm?

Brachial region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major anatomical planes?

Midsagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of clinical anatomy?

Identifying anatomical features prone to pathological changes during illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for considering individual variation in human structure?

To ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of an organ that distinguishes it from adjacent organs?

Its visually distinguishable anatomical boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of an organism considered to be alive?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs may be absent in some individuals?

Palmaris longus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedures?

Surgical anatomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exhibits the least variation in human structure?

Nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of organization that comprises a group of organs that carry out a basic function of the organism?

Organ system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organelles and Cellular Components

Organelles are microscopic structures within a cell that perform individual functions
Organelles and other cellular components are composed of molecules, which are particles of at least two atoms j oined by chemical bonds
Macromolecules are the largest molecules, including proteins, fats, and DNA

Human Organ Systems

There are eleven organ systems in the human body
Some organs belong to two or more systems, such as the male urethra belonging to both the urinary and reproductive systems

Anatomical position: standing erect with the head level, eyes facing forward, upper limbs by the sides with palms facing forward, and lower limbs parallel with feet flat on the floor
Supine position: lying on the back with arms by the sides and face upwards
Prone position: lying on the face with chest and abdomen downwards
Lithotomy position: lying on the back with legs up and feet supported in straps

Body Regions

Axial region: includes the head, neck, and trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions)
Appendicular region: includes the upper limbs and lower limbs (also called appendages or extremities)
Upper limb: includes arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers
Lower limb: includes thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes

Anatomical Planes

Sagittal plane: divides the body into right and left portions
Coronal (frontal) plane: divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
Horizontal, or transverse plane: divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
Oblique plane: passes through the body at an angle other than 90°

Variations in Human Structure

Individuals vary in physical appearance and anatomical features
Variations occur in bone shape, muscle attachments, and branching patterns of veins, arteries, and nerves
Some people lack certain organs or have extra ones, such as an extra spleen or kidney

Levels of Human Structure

Organism: composed of organ systems
Organ system: a group of organs that performs a basic function of the organism
Organ: a structure with definite anatomical boundaries, composed of two or more tissue types working together to carry out a particular function
Tissue: a mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function
Cells: the smallest units of an organism considered to be alive

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Description

This quiz covers the study of anatomical features that undergo pathological changes during illness, as well as anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedures. It also explores the variation in human structure, including differences in skeletal shape and surface structure.