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Anatomy of Knee Joint
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Anatomy of Knee Joint

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the medial collateral ligament in the knee joint?

  • Resists varus angulation and provides restraint to axial rotation
  • Resists valgus angulation and provides restraint to axial rotation (correct)
  • Stabilizes the patella and prevents lateral dislocation
  • Provides support to the menisci and assists in weight-bearing
  • Which of the following bursae is located posteriorly in the knee joint?

  • Prepatellar bursa
  • Suprapatellar bursa
  • Semimembranosus bursa (correct)
  • Deep infrapatellar bursa
  • What is the type of joint that the knee joint is classified as?

  • Diarthrodial joint with features of gliding and hinge joints (correct)
  • Synovial pivot joint
  • Synovial ball-and-socket joint
  • Synovial hinge joint
  • Which of the following ligaments is intracapsular in the knee joint?

    <p>Anterior cruciate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment of the ligamentum patellae in the knee joint?

    <p>Above to the lower border of the patella and below to the tuberosity of the tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Anterolateral bundle of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

    <p>To provide rotational stability to the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is responsible for internal rotation of the knee joint?

    <p>Popliteus and semi-tendinosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Menisci in the knee joint?

    <p>To serve as cushions between the two bones and distribute forces transmitted through the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the last 30 degrees of knee extension, what happens to the tibia and femur?

    <p>The tibia ext rotates and the femur internally rotates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is important for patella stability?

    <p>Medialis (VMO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Knee Joint

    • Largest synovial joint and a diarthrodial joint
    • Articulation occurs between the round condyles of the femur and tibial plateaus and menisci, and the gliding joint between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
    • Classified as a synovial hinge joint

    Capsule and Synovium

    • Attached to the margins of the articular surfaces and surrounds the sides and posterior aspect of the joint
    • Synovial membrane lines the capsule and attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces
    • Anterior bursae:
      • Suprapatellar bursa
      • Prepatellar bursa
      • Superficial infrapatellar bursa
      • Deep infrapatellar bursa
    • Posterior bursae:
      • Popliteal bursa
      • Semimembranosus bursa

    Ligaments of the Knee

    • Extracapsular ligaments:
      • Lateral collateral ligament:
        • Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
        • Function: resists varus angulation and provides restraint to axial rotation
      • Medial collateral ligament:
        • Attachment: medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia
        • Function: resists valgus angulation and provides restraint to axial rotation
    • Other extracapsular ligaments:
      • Ligamentum patellae: attaches the patella to the tibia
      • Oblique popliteal ligament: a tendinous expansion derived from the semimembranosus muscle
    • Intracapsular ligaments:
      • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL):
        • Bundles: anteromedial and posterolateral bands
        • Attachment: anteromedial area of the tibia to the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
        • Function: restrains anterior tibial translation and provides rotational stability
      • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):
        • Attachment: posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle
        • Bundles: anterolateral and posteromedial bands
        • Function: prevents posterior tibial translation in relation to the femur

    Menisci

    • C-shaped sheets of fibrocartilage
    • Medial and lateral menisci connected by the transverse ligament of the knee
    • Medial meniscus is attached to the capsule, while the lateral meniscus is more mobile
    • Function: deepens the articular surfaces of the tibial condyles, serves as a cushion between the two bones, and distributes forces transmitted through the joint

    Knee Movement

    • Main movement:
      • Flexion: 145-160 degrees by the hamstring muscles
      • Extension: 0-5 degrees by the quadriceps muscle
    • Minor movement:
      • Internal rotation: 10 degrees by the popliteus and semitendinosus muscles
      • External rotation: 10 degrees by the biceps femoris muscle

    Stability of the Knee Joint

    • Bony factors
    • Ligamentous factors
    • Muscular factors
    • Special situations

    Muscular Factors

    • Vitally important for knee stability
    • Muscles involved:
      • Vasti
      • Medialis (VMO) - important for patella stability
      • Ilio-tibial band - stabilizes the slightly flexed knee (varus)

    Knee Locking

    • Occurs during the last 30 degrees of knee extension
    • Tibia externally rotates, and the femur internally rotates
    • Knee joint is slightly hyperextended and stabilized with the tightening of the cruciate and collateral ligaments

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    Related Documents

    Knee_joint.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the knee joint, including its structure, articulation, and types of joints. It is designed for medical students and orthopaedic surgeons.

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