Climate Change Overview

Study Notes

Climate change refers to the long-term average of temperature, humidity, and rain across a region.
It refers to long-term changes in average weather patterns.
Human (anthropogenic) activity has been the main cause of climate change since the 1800s.
A rise in temperature leads to melting snow and ice, rising sea levels, habitat loss for polar species, and changes to fish populations.
More water vapor in the air leads to several rain floods and evaporation reducing surface water (solids dry out).

Caused by melting ice sheets and glaciers, and thermal expansion of seawater.
Projected to increase global sea levels by 0.3 to 2.5 meters by 2100.
Impacts include coastal flooding and erosion, loss of habitat for plants, animals, and humans, and increased salinity of freshwater sources.

Increased frequency and intensity of storms, hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves.
Higher rainfall leads to flooding; increased temperatures can lead to severe droughts.
Consequences include damage to infrastructure and ecosystems, economic losses in various sectors, and displacement of communities and increased migration.

Changing climates disrupt habitats and species' life cycles, leading to habitat loss.
Extinction rates are rising; many species unable to adapt quickly enough.
Impacts include disruption of ecosystem services (pollination, water purification) and loss of genetic diversity, affecting resilience against diseases.

Increased heatwaves relate to higher incidences of heat-related illnesses.
Altered ecosystems lead to a rise in vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue).
Air quality deterioration associated with pollution and allergens increases respiratory issues.
Mental health concerns resulting from extreme weather events and displacement.