16 Questions
What is the main goal of adaptation in the context of climate change?
To reduce risks from the harmful effects of climate change
What are the two main approaches to addressing climate change?
Adaptation and Mitigation
What is the significance of the per capita emissions of CO2 in developed and developing countries?
They are very different, with the biggest polluter being the US
What is a challenge faced by developing countries in reducing their waste and pollution?
Lack of infrastructure for recycling and proper waste management
What is the purpose of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?
To achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address global challenges
What is an example of a mitigation strategy?
Reducing the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, or transport
What is the purpose of Smart Tunnels in the context of climate change?
To provide drainage and guide water away from cities during heavy rainfall
Why is public opinion important in addressing climate change?
It strongly supports measures against climate change, driving policy and action
What percentage of ice was lost in the European Alps in 2021?
6.2%
What is one consequence of sea levels rising due to melting ice?
Inundation of large parts of several major cities
What is one way that droughts will affect food and water supplies?
Drinking water shortages
What percentage of the world's freshwater is stored in glaciers?
Three-quarters
Which disease is expected to spread to northern regions as a result of climate change?
Dengue
What is the predicted temperature increase over the next 20 years, according to the 2021 IPCC report?
1.5°C
What is one way that ecosystems will change as a result of climate change?
Some species will move farther north or become more successful
Which region of Europe is expected to be more impacted by global warming?
Southern Europe
Study Notes
Climate Change Consequences
- In 2022, European Alps glaciers lost a record 3.2 cubic km of ice, a 6.2% decrease from 2021.
- Causes: low winter snowfall, summer heatwaves, and Saharan dust deposits that accelerate melting.
Rising Sea Levels and Extreme Weather
- Sea levels are expected to rise, threatening major cities like Jakarta, Venice, and Tokyo.
- Hurricanes and storms will intensify, causing more floods and droughts.
Freshwater Shortages and Disease Spread
- Glaciers store about three-quarters of the world's freshwater, which will become scarce.
- Some diseases like malaria and Dengue fever will spread to new regions.
Ecosystem Disruption and Extinction
- Ecosystems will continue to change, with some species adapting and others, like polar bears, facing extinction.
Global Warming and Human Activities
- Human activities have caused 1.1°C of warming since 1850-1900, with temperatures expected to reach or exceed 1.5°C in the next 20 years.
Main Contributors to CO2 Emissions
- China and other developing countries are significant contributors to CO2 emissions.
- The US is the largest polluter per capita, while China's per capita pollution is increasing.
Waste Management Issues
- Developing countries lack infrastructure to manage waste, often burning it, and receiving waste washing ashore.
Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies
- Adaptation involves adjusting to a changing climate to reduce risks.
- Mitigation involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing carbon sinks.
Sustainable Development Goals
- The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to address poverty, health, education, inequality, and climate change globally.
The rapid melting of glaciers in the European Alps is causing a significant decrease in ice volume. This leads to rising sea levels, putting major cities at risk of inundation and increasing the severity of hurricanes and storms.
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