Climate Change Evidence and Impacts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily released from cattle farming?

  • CH<sub>4</sub> (correct)
  • CO<sub>2</sub>
  • CFCs
  • N<sub>2</sub>O

Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of rising sea levels?

  • Increased atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (correct)
  • Increased coastal erosion
  • Decreased agricultural productivity
  • Saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources

What is a major factor contributing to the rise in global temperatures?

  • Changes in Earth's orbit around the sun
  • The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (correct)
  • Increased volcanic activity
  • Decreased solar radiation

Which of the following is NOT a known direct consequence of climate change on ecosystems?

<p>Reduced human population growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of CO2 emissions due to human activities?

<p>Burning fossil fuels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant source of CH4 emissions apart from cattle farming?

<p>Landfills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following feedback loops contributes to the warming effect of CO2?

<p>Decreased albedo due to melting ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where Earth's average temperature is increasing over time?

<p>Global warming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rising Temperature

The increase in Earth's average temperature over time, primarily caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

Melting Glaciers/Ice Sheets/Sea Ice

Large masses of ice that are melting at an accelerated rate due to global warming. This contributes to rising sea levels and impacts freshwater resources.

Rising Sea Levels

The gradual increase in the level of oceans and lakes due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, as well as the expansion of water as it warms.

Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities.

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Climate Models

Complicated computer programs that use scientific data to predict how climate will change. These models are constantly evolving and becoming more accurate.

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Albedo

The ability of certain surfaces to reflect sunlight. Ice and snow are highly reflective (high albedo), while dark surfaces like forests absorb more heat.

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Greenhouse Effect

A natural process where certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun. This process keeps Earth warm enough for life, but excess greenhouse gases lead to climate change.

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Feedback Loops

A cycle where a change in one part of the system triggers a change in another part, which then amplifies the original change. For example, rising temperatures melt ice, reducing albedo, which causes more warming.

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Study Notes

Evidence of Climate Change

  • Thermal Expansion: Rising temperatures cause water to expand, contributing to sea level rise.
  • Melting Glaciers/Ice Sheets/Sea Ice: Melting glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice add water to the oceans, increasing sea levels.
  • Rising Sea Levels: A combination of thermal expansion and melting ice contributes to increasing sea levels.
  • Severe Weather: Climate change is associated with more frequent and intense storms, hurricanes, etc.

Climate Models

  • Imperfect Models: Current climate models are not perfect and constantly changing.
  • Human Influence and Goals: Human influence makes it challenging to achieve climate goals because of the continuous shifts in climate.

Impacts of Climate Change

  • Sea Level Rise: Increased sea levels threaten coastal areas.
  • Ecosystem Changes: Biodiversity is affected, species migrate, and pests/diseases may spread.
  • Crop Yields: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns affect agricultural yields.
  • Ecosystems (Biodiversity): Changes in temperature and precipitation influence biodiversity.
  • Pests/Diseases: Changes in distribution and intensity.

Human Activities and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

  • Anthropogenic GHGs: Human activities are primary contributors to greenhouse gases.
  • Fossil Fuels: Burning fossil fuels release CO2 into the atmosphere.
  • Deforestation: Trees remove CO2, deforestation reduces this capacity.
  • Agriculture: Activities like cattle farming and rice cultivation release methane and other GHGs.
  • Decomposition: Landfills and decaying organic matter contribute to methane emissions.
  • Fertilizers: Agricultural fertilizers release nitrous oxide (Nâ‚‚O).
  • Refrigerants/Fridges/AC units: Certain refrigerants and cooling sources release fluorinated gases.

Feedback Loops and Effects

  • CO2 and Temperature: CO2 levels increase, temperatures rise, accelerating a feedback loop.

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