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Questions and Answers
What type of climate change denial involves an outright rejection that climate change is happening?
Which type of climate change denial acknowledges its occurrence but fails to recognize the severity?
What psychological factor causes discomfort when new information conflicts with existing beliefs, contributing to climate change denial?
Which type of denial accepts the reality of climate change but downplays its implications?
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What emotional response to climate change can lead to feelings of helplessness and anxiety?
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What is a primary requirement for culturally safe healthcare?
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Why are community-controlled health services effective?
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What role does Indigenous leadership play in health policy?
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What is crucial for addressing health disparities in Indigenous communities?
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What is a characteristic of health equity policies?
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What is a potential outcome of culturally safe healthcare?
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Which approach is best for community empowerment in health care?
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What is typically NOT involved in culturally safe healthcare?
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What is one reason for the underrepresentation of Indigenous people in the healthcare workforce?
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Which of the following is a strategy to improve access to healthcare for Indigenous communities?
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What barrier impacts Indigenous patients' experiences in the health system?
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What socioeconomic factor affects Indigenous access to health services?
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Which aspect is crucial for improving Indigenous participation in health careers?
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How does historical discrimination affect Indigenous health outcomes?
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What is a characteristic of underfunded Indigenous health services?
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Which of the following contributes to limited access to healthcare for Indigenous peoples?
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What does QALY stand for?
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How is QALY calculated?
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What does DALY measure?
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What is the formula for calculating DALY?
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What is a primary purpose of using QALYs in healthcare?
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Which of the following is a purpose of using DALY metrics?
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In what way can QALY contribute to health policy?
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How do QALYs and DALYs benefit healthcare assessments?
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of using QALYs and DALYs?
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What is a limitation of solely using QALYs for healthcare analysis?
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What is the primary purpose of the performance framework designed for the Australian healthcare system?
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Which of the following indicates a measure of effectiveness within the health system conceptual domain?
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What is a determinant of health that evaluates personal factors?
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Which domain lacks available indicators according to the performance framework?
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Which measure indicates safety in the healthcare system?
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What measure evaluates continuity of care in the health system?
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Which of these factors is considered part of the socio-economic determinants of health?
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Which health status measure refers to the incidence of disease?
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Which health behavior is identified as a determinant of health?
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Which aspect does the performance framework aim to enhance for better health care?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the effectiveness domain?
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What negative impact can excessive alcohol consumption have on health?
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What is a key goal of providing transparency in the healthcare system?
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Which of the following conditions falls under the overall health status domain?
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Study Notes
Climate Change Denial
- There are three types of climate change denial: literal, interpretive and implicatory
- Literal denial rejects that climate change is occurring.
- Interpretive denial acknowledges climate change is occurring but fails to understand its severity.
- Implicatory denial acknowledges both the reality and significance of climate change, but downplays its implications.
- Cognitive dissonance can result in people dismissing information that conflicts with their beliefs, values, or lifestyles.
- Fear and anxiety can lead to people avoiding the overwhelming consequences of climate change.
Enablers of Indigenous Health Equity
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Culturally safe healthcare:
- Reduces bias and promotes equity in the healthcare workforce.
- Aims to create a more inclusive environment for Indigenous people.
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Community engagement and empowerment:
- Programs designed and led by Indigenous communities address specific needs, incorporating their own knowledge.
- Examples include community-controlled health services, which improve health outcomes by providing tailored care.
- Supporting Indigenous leadership in policy and governance allows communities to play a more active role in healthcare.
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Policy and funding commitments:
- Sustained funding for Indigenous health services and programs are crucial to address health resource disparities.
- Health equity policies are essential; these prioritize equal access to services and address social determinants of health inequities (housing, education, employment).
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Increasing opportunities for Indigenous people in healthcare:
- Encouraging and supporting Indigenous people to pursue careers in health is key.
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Improved access to healthcare:
- Telehealth, community-based services, and culturally appropriate programs increase healthcare accessibility for Indigenous communities.
Barriers to Indigenous Health Equity
- Historical and ongoing discrimination
- Limited access to services
- Socioeconomic disparities
- Underfunding of Indigenous health services
- Lack of cultural safety and sensitivity
- Low representation of Indigenous peoples in decision-making roles
Understanding Indigenous Health and the Mainstream System
- It is essential to understand the social and cultural determinants that affect Indigenous patients' experiences within the mainstream health system.
Measuring Health Outcomes
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QALY's (Quality-Adjusted Life Years):
- Measure the quality and quantity of life lived.
- Combine length of time and health-related quality of life into a single value.
- Commonly used in cost-effectiveness analysis for evaluating healthcare intervention
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DALY's (Disability-Adjusted Life Years):
- Measure the combined impact of premature death and years lived with disability.
- Calculated by adding years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD).
- This metric allows for comparing the overall burden of diseases and injuries.
Public Health Measurement Purposes
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Informed health policy and planning:
- Provides data for making informed decisions about health priorities and resource allocation.
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Comparing health impacts across regions:
- Provides insights into regional health inequalities.
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Tracking progress over time:
- Allows for monitoring and assessing the effectiveness of health interventions.
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Understanding risk factors:
- Identifies factors that contribute to health disparities.
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Supporting funding decisions and health economics:
- Provides evidence for allocating funds to areas with the greatest healthcare needs.
Global vs. Local Solutions for Global Health Problems
- This is a complex debate that needs further discussion.
Measuring Australian Health System Performance
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The Australian Health Performance Framework:
- Designed to assess and improve the performance of the Australian healthcare system.
- Key purposes include:
- Measuring success and failure
- Increasing accountability and transparency
- Supporting consumer choice
- Enabling continuous improvement
- Optimizing resources for better healthcare
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Australian Health Performance Framework: Domains of Measurement
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Health System Conceptual Domain:
- Effectiveness: Includes immunisation rates, screening test uptake, cancer survival rates, and potentially avoidable deaths.
- Safety: Includes adverse events, healthcare-associated infections, sentinel events, and seclusion rates.
- Appropriateness: No indicators currently available in this domain.
- Continuity of Care: Includes unplanned hospital readmission rates.
- Accessibility:
- Efficiency + Sustainability:
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Determinants of Health Domain:
- Health Behaviours: Includes daily smoking or alcohol consumption, unsafe needle sharing, diet, and environmental chemical exposure.
- Personal Biomedical Factors: Includes rates of obesity and overweight
- Socioeconomic Factors: Includes the proportion of people living in poverty, and data on education levels.
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Health Status Domain:
- Health Conditions: Includes incidence of disease and notification of specific childhood diseases.
- Human Function: Includes limitations on activities.
- Wellbeing: Includes psychological distress and self-assessment of wellbeing.
- Deaths:
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Health System Conceptual Domain:
Frameworks for Measuring Health System Performance in Australia
- Identify other relevant frameworks that are used to measure health system performance and population health outcomes in Australia.
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Description
Explore the concepts of climate change denial, including literal, interpretive, and implicatory forms. Delve into the enablers of Indigenous health equity through culturally safe healthcare and community engagement. Understand how these factors influence perceptions and health outcomes.
