Climate Change and Risk Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one potential effect of rising temperatures in temperate areas?

Reduction of mosquito populations

Eradication of tropical diseases

Increase in areas affected by malaria (correct)

Decrease in malaria cases

Which of the following is NOT a natural process that causes climate change?

Volcanic emissions

Changes in solar input

Tectonic plate movement

Greenhouse gas emissions from factories (correct)

Why is Bangladesh considered one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change?

It has a small population density

It has high mountains and a cold climate

It has a high level of greenhouse gas emissions

Its reliance on climate-sensitive sectors (correct)

What significant change occurred in global temperatures after 1975?

There was a rapid increase in temperature changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of these vector-borne diseases is mentioned as a potential consequence of climate change?

Malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is one key component of hazard assessment and warning?

Quantification of hazards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of long-term protective measures?

Earthquake resistant building designs Signup and view all the answers

How can the community effectively contribute to preventive and protective measures?

Through informed participation and education Signup and view all the answers

What role does land use and risk management play in reducing losses from hazards?

It selects less hazardous locations for human settlements Signup and view all the answers

Which action is considered a short-term protective measure during an imminent hazard?

Evacuating people from endangered areas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas was most affected by Cyclone Aila in southern Bangladesh?

Satkhira Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Kyoto Protocol?

To limit emissions through 2012 Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary responses to global warming as mentioned in the content?

Mitigation, adaptation, and geoengineering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the UNFCCC and emissions limits?

The USA and Afghanistan have not ratified the original protocol. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal agreed upon by member nations in the 2010 Cancun Agreements regarding global warming?

To limit global warming to no more than 2.0 °C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the CC Trust Fund created by the Government of Bangladesh?

Adaptation to climate change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method to improve energy efficiency?

Increasing reliance on renewable energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated cost for the establishment of new cyclone and flood shelters in Bangladesh?

$1.22 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is one approach Bangladesh has taken in response to climate change?

Formulating the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a proposed solution to climate change?

Increasing reliance on coal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recent agricultural development in Bangladesh in response to climate change?

Salinity tolerant rice varieties Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the continued economic growth in Bangladesh despite climate change-related disasters?

Decline in poverty and gains in social indicators Signup and view all the answers

What cornerstone does Bangladesh emphasize in its climate change actions?

Ensuring security of food, water, energy, and livelihood Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for reducing the vulnerability of high-risk communities to climate change in Bangladesh?

Adequate physical and institutional capacities Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the six themes of the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan?

Enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change Signup and view all the answers

The position of Bangladesh on climate change emphasizes a balance between which two strategies?

Mitigation and adaptation Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative is part of Bangladesh's approach to combat climate change?

Establishment of a Climate Change Trust Fund Signup and view all the answers

Which sector is explicitly highlighted for the use of the CC Trust Fund's resources?

Health Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy does Bangladesh encourage to combat climate change?

Renewable energy sources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is part of improving energy efficiency according to the solutions provided?

Implementing higher fuel economy standards Signup and view all the answers

What long-term agricultural strategy does Bangladesh need beyond developing new crop varieties?

Ecosystem-based agricultural systems Signup and view all the answers

What is a major benefit of comprehensive adaptation for communities?

Reduction of economic losses from natural disasters Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hazard includes cyclones and earthquakes?

Natural hazards Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a socio-natural hazard?

Flooding resulting from heavy rains and blocked drains Signup and view all the answers

What key development is needed to manage climate change effectively?

Multi-disciplinary human capability development and planning Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a manmade hazard?

Electrical explosion at an industry Signup and view all the answers

What is one urgent need for communities affected by climate change?

Developing intensive training programs for climate displacement Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are important for effective water and ecosystem management in Bangladesh?

Regional cooperation on water management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best defines a hazard?

A dangerous condition or event that threatens life or property Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Management - Climate Change and Hazards

ENV 214 is an Environmental Management course.
Lecture 17-18 focuses on Climate Change and Hazards.
Haniyum Maria Khan (Hmk1) is the Senior Lecturer for this course.

Case Study: Melting Ice in Greenland

Greenland is the world's largest island.
80% of Greenland is covered by glaciers.
Glaciers contain 10% of the world's fresh water.
Glacial melting and movement are accelerating.
If the melting continues, sea levels could rise by 1 meter by 2100.

Weather and Climate

Weather is short-term changes in temperature, air pressure, precipitation, and wind.
Climate is the average weather conditions over a long period of time, including temperature and precipitation.
Fluctuations in weather and climate are normal.

How is the Earth's Climate Changing?

Scientific evidence indicates that the Earth's atmosphere is warming rapidly, potentially causing significant climate disruption this century.
In the past 100 years, the Earth's average surface temperature has increased by approximately 1°C (1.8°F).
About two-thirds of this increase has occurred in the last three decades.

Atmospheric Warming Trend

Atmospheric warming has been trending upward since 1975.
There was a slight slowing of this trend between 2002 and 2012.

Global Warming

Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, and its projected continuation.
The warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are more than 90% certain that it is largely caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities (e.g., deforestation and burning fossil fuels).
50% of solar energy is reflected or absorbed by clouds, 45% absorbed by the surface and 5% reflected. Absorbed solar energy is released as infrared energy.

Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface.
Joseph Fourier proposed the concept in 1824, and Svante Arrhenius investigated it quantitatively in 1896.
Sunlight warms both the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth.
Certain atmospheric gases absorb and re-emit this infrared radiation, which warms the Earth further.

Major Greenhouse Gases

Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include:
- Carbon dioxide
- Methane
- Nitrous oxide
- Water vapor
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Greenhouse Gases - Sources

Burning fossil fuels and deforestation are major sources of increased carbon dioxide emissions.
Livestock enteric fermentation, paddy rice farming, and landfill emissions lead to higher methane concentrations.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants and fire suppression systems also contribute.
Agricultural activities, including fertilizer use, increase nitrous oxide concentrations.

CO2 Emissions (2018)

Data presented in a pie chart shows the global distribution of CO2 emissions.

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much heat each greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere, relative to carbon dioxide.
A relative ranking of the GWP for greenhouse gases is shown in a graph

Climate Change Impacts

Climate Pattern Changes: A global rise in temperature impacts rainfall patterns, soil moisture, and agricultural productivity. More intense storms (cyclones, hurricanes) are predicted, along with more frequent droughts particularly in northern temperate latitudes. Arctic glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice will continue to retreat.
Sea Level Rise: Rising sea levels pose serious threats, making coastal populations more vulnerable to flooding. Thermal expansion of warming ocean water and melting glaciers are the primary causes.
Coastal Zone Impacts: Degradation of coastal estuaries, wetlands, and coral reefs is projected. Coastal fisheries will be disrupted, and flooding of low-lying areas and coastal regions will be more frequent and widespread. Freshwater aquifers are also at risk of contamination.
Plant and Animal Distribution: Climate belts will shift toward the poles by 100-150 kilometers per every 1°C rise in global temperature. This shift could substantially alter the suitable locations for agriculture and could lead to the extinction of plant and animal species unable to migrate or adapt quickly enough. Impacts on parks, wildlife reserves, wetlands, and coral reefs are anticipated.
Human Health: Rising temperatures increase death and illness, especially among vulnerable populations. The spread of tropical diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever) could expand into formerly colder regions.
Cyclone SIDR (2007) and Cyclone AILA (2009): These cyclones caused substantial damage, loss of life, and disruption in Bangladesh, highlighting the country's vulnerability. Economic losses were also significant.

Bangladesh Response to Climate Change

UNFCCC identified Bangladesh as one of the most vulnerable countries.
Country's response focuses on adaptation, including projects and programs.
The country participates in international negotiations.
A national adaptation plan (NAPA) was prepared in 2005.
Climate changes are integrated into the poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP).
A Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP 2009) outlines possible approaches. Also, a Climate Change Trust Fund has been established using the country's own resources.

Hazards Bangladesh Faces

Drought, Cyclone, Flood and Storm Surges and Tidal Bores, water logging, bank erosion are among the major hazards.

Hazard

Hazard means a dangerous condition or event posing a risk of injury, damage to property or the environment.
Hazards often involve stored energy that releases to cause damage.
Hazards are classified as natural (meteorlogical, geological or biological) or man-made (industrial, etc).

Classification of Hazards

Natural hazards include cyclones, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, droughts and wildfires.
Manmade hazards include explosions, toxic waste leakage, dam failures, and industrial accidents.

Common Natural Disasters

A list of common natural disasters (earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, dust storms, floods, droughts, wildfires, sinkholes) is shown in an image.

Why Bangladesh is Hazard-Prone

Bangladesh has a low-lying topography, a congested river network system, heavy rainfall, snowmelt from the Himalayas, river siltation and landslides, and areas at risk of drought and flooding.

Cyclone Affected Area

The funnel-shaped coast of Bangladesh frequently makes it a target for cyclones.
High-population density, poor housing, and a wide area subject to flooding and storm surges in cyclone-prone coastal regions increase the risk.

Impacts of Natural Disasters

Natural disasters in Bangladesh are often catastrophic, impacting lives and livelihoods extensively, as well as destroying infrastructure such as housing and roads. The risk is greatly compounded by climate change impacts.
Significant economic losses occur due to human suffering, infrastructure damage, agricultural losses, and flooding.
Increased greenhouse effect, and damage from ozone depletion are compounding factors.

Seasonal Distribution of Hazards in Bangladesh

A table lists the seasonal distribution of hazards in the country: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter. These seasonal variations are connected to the different hazards and risks at play in Bangladesh, which include cyclones, floods, droughts, and other weather-related disasters.

Preventing and Protecting from Climate Change

Preventive actions include measures to reduce emissions, adapting to the effects of climate change, and geoengineering.
Adaptation involves strategies to live with the effects of climate change,
Mitigation focuses on reducing the severity of the situation.
Geoengineering aims to remove greenhouse gasses or reflect incoming solar radiation.
Short-term protective measures include disaster assessment, warning systems, temporary protective measures, evacuation.
Long-term measures include land use and risk management, making sites less likely to be flooded, and disaster-resistant design.
Public information and education are key to effective adaptation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on climate change, its impacts, and risk management strategies. This quiz covers important topics such as the Kyoto Protocol, the vulnerability of countries like Bangladesh, and protective measures against climate hazards. Challenge yourself to understand the complex processes involved in climate change and how communities can respond effectively.