Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of dynamic vulnerability in the context of climate change?

  • A system's reaction to climate change. (correct)
  • A measurement of market share in agriculture.
  • Changes in climate not caused by external factors.
  • A static representation of damage estimates.

    • How much of an increase in CO2 will be removed from the atmosphere within 30 years?

  • 30%
  • 50% (correct)
  • 90%
  • 70%

    • What is the estimated decay time for methane in the atmosphere?

  • 20-25 years
  • 5-7 years
  • 15-20 years
  • 9-12 years (correct)

    • What is the global warming potential of water vapor as a greenhouse gas?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the incoming solar radiation amount?

    <p>1368 W/m^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents radiative forcing?

    <p>The amount of energy entering minus the energy leaving the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In term of greenhouse gases ranked by radiative forcing, which gas is ranked first?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of solar radiation is absorbed by the surface (short wave)?

    <p>168</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major advantage of flexibility in achieving climate goals?

    <p>It lowers costs and increases feasibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an impact accounted for in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs)?

    <p>Direct Feedbacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreased albedo due to melting ice and snow?

    <p>Increased solar energy absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-market impact has been studied but is classified as not a tipping point in IAMs?

    <p>Psychological and social costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of climate detection methods?

    <p>Identifying trends without explaining causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Use Value' represent in the context of economic value?

    <p>Direct benefits from utilizing a resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SRES scenario represents the lowest projected temperature increase by 2100?

    <p>B1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'Existence Value'?

    <p>Value derived from knowing a resource exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of the century, which range of sea-level rise is projected in high emission scenarios?

    <p>0.6-1.1 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of valuation utilizes surveys to determine willingness to pay for environmental goods?

    <p>Contingent Valuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the overall range for RCPs?

    <p>Emissions of ~20-120 Gt CO₂/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In regards to temperature projections, which scenario is associated with continued reliance on fossil fuels?

    <p>High Emission Scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of non-market valuation?

    <p>Determining cultural and recreational benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of economic value is described as benefits deriving from ecosystem services?

    <p>Indirect Value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lapse rate feedback interact with to affect heat escape to space?

    <p>Water vapor feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected temperature increase associated with RCP2.6 by 2100?

    <p>~1.5°C-2°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of adaptation in climate responses?

    <p>It modifies damages to allow for more cost-effective responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urban expansion affect dynamic vulnerability?

    <p>It increases the need for constant adaptation measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a higher discount rate in Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)?

    <p>It makes short-term projects more appealing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a lower discount rate have on the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC)?

    <p>It increases the SCC by emphasizing future damages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Equity CBA primarily focus on?

    <p>Incorporating distributional impacts based on income or social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario does risk aversion occur concerning certain equivalent values?

    <p>When a decision maker prefers certain outcomes over uncertain ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall impact of adaptation according to the provided concepts?

    <p>It facilitates flexible responses as knowledge and impacts evolve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the declining discount schedule play in decision-making?

    <p>It values future benefits and costs differently over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of risk aversion?

    <p>A tendency to favor certain gains over risky outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the risk premium represent?

    <p>The additional return expected from a riskier asset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), how does high correlation between climate damages and consumption affect risk assessment?

    <p>It increases perceived risks during recessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates efficiency from cost-effectiveness in economic terms?

    <p>Efficiency maximizes welfare, whereas cost-effectiveness achieves goals cost-effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cap-and-trade system, what is the role of permits?

    <p>To allow companies to trade their emission rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a cap-and-trade system ultimately impact greenhouse gas emissions over time?

    <p>It gradually reduces emissions through a decreasing cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of lower discount rates in the context of high correlation between climate risks and economic downturns?

    <p>They raise the value of future benefits from mitigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism of a cap and trade system?

    <p>Limiting total emissions and allowing trade of permits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a carbon tax?

    <p>To incentivize businesses and individuals to reduce emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the concept of net present value (NPV)?

    <p>Future payments converted to a single current value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the discount factor (DF) signify in financial calculations?

    <p>The present value of future cash flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the social cost of carbon?

    <p>The economic cost of damages from carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between command-and-control regulation and market-based regulation?

    <p>Command-and-control regulation mandates specific actions, while market-based relies on economic incentives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Ramsey discount factor relate to future climate damages?

    <p>It determines how future damages are valued in terms of economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use for the revenue generated from a carbon tax?

    <p>Reinvesting in clean energy projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the term 'initial distribution' in the context of permits?

    <p>The allocation of permits that determines economic winners and losers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dynamic Vulnerability

    • A change in a system affected by climate change
    • Changes in damage estimates from climate change
    • System changes that are not caused by climate change
    • Reactions to changes in climate

    Agricultural Dynamic Vulnerability

    • Market share of goods
    • Technological progress affects how sensitive crops react to climate change

    Decay Time of CO2

    • About 50% of a CO2 increase is removed from the atmosphere within 30 years
    • A further 30% is removed within a few centuries
    • The remaining 20% may stay in the atmosphere for thousands of years

    Decay Time of Methane in Atmosphere

    • 9-12 years

    Net Damages Function

    • D(T,A) = GD(T) - BA(T,A) + CA(A)

    Discount Rate Table

    • Data not provided.

    Incoming Solar Radiation Amount

    • 1368 W/m^2

    Solar Radiation Absorbed by the Atmosphere

    • 168

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on climate change concepts, including dynamic vulnerability, greenhouse gases, and their impacts on global warming. This quiz covers key definitions, scientific measurements, and the role of various gases in climate systems.

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