Climate Change and Coastal Resource Access Study
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What is the primary focus of the study?

  • The cultural value of marine environments.
  • The technological adaptations of fishing industries.
  • The economic impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
  • The effect of climate stressors on Indigenous communities' access to traditional foods. (correct)

Which locations were specifically included in the study?

  • Inland and mountainous regions in Alaska.
  • Various Arctic and Antarctic regions.
  • Coastal regions of Europe and Asia.
  • Kotzebue and Kivalina, Alaska. (correct)

According to the study, what are the main climate stressors affecting harvest access?

  • Sea ice retreat, coastal erosion, and changes in weather. (correct)
  • Increased rainfall and stronger currents.
  • Volcanic activity and changes in temperature.
  • Rising sea levels and extreme temperatures.

Which of these was NOT identified as a mechanism used to mediate changes to harvest access?

<p>Political influence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the study describe the potential effects of climate change on access to coastal resources?

<p>Climate change may increase access for some while excluding others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of 'access theory' in the context of the study?

<p>Understanding the 'ability to derive benefits from things'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these adaptation strategies were NOT mentioned in the study?

<p>Relocating to areas further away from the coast. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the study emphasize the role of Indigenous communities in response to environmental change?

<p>As stewards with sovereignty over their lands and resources using their traditional knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the research described in the provided material?

<p>The alterations of access to subsistence resources in Arctic Alaska due to climate change and the mediating social-ecological factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided material, what aspect of climate change impacts on coastal resources is particularly significant for Indigenous Arctic communities?

<p>The change in accessibility to coastal resources, affecting their ability to harvest those resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best represents the research's perspective on the relationship between resource 'access' and resource 'availability'?

<p>Resource access is understudied relative to resource availability when considering climate change impacts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research imply about the role of government agencies in relation to changed access to resources mentioned?

<p>The research implies a potential need for government agencies to mediate resource access in light of a changing landscape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the primary authors of the research article cited?

<p>Kristen M. Green, Anne H. Beaudreau, Maija H. Lukin, and Larry B. Crowder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stated DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the research article is mostly used for what?

<p>To uniquely identify the research article online. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these institutions is NOT associated with any of the researchers mentioned in the provided material?

<p>University of Alaska (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the publication date of the research article?

<p>December 2021 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary method was used to identify access mechanisms to coastal subsistence resources?

<p>Deductive coding of interviews (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method of data collection?

<p>Analysis of ice core samples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main factors affecting the harvesters access, according to the provided text?

<p>Changes in ice conditions impacting safe travel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species is specifically mentioned as being affected by changes in ice conditions?

<p>Bearded seal (uugruk) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the researchers use to provide additional context for harvester observations of landscape changes?

<p>Environmental data summaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the results from interviews triangulated in the study?

<p>With notes from participant observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a consequence of unsafe ice conditions mentioned by the harvesters?

<p>Harvesters may avoid pursuing seals at all due to the risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been altered in regards to harvesting bearded seals, due to unsafe ice conditions?

<p>The typical period of time they can be harvested (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of using capital to purchase fuel needed for harvesting coastal resources?

<p>Reduction in spending on other household needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend may lead to wealthier families gaining more advantages in resource harvesting?

<p>A need for larger boats to access offshore, ice-free waters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would not be considered a strategy to cope with high fuel costs?

<p>Increasing boat size for more efficient travel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do 'super-households' play in a community?

<p>They distribute extra harvests through social networks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that some individuals or families might be excluded from accessing certain coastal resources?

<p>Insufficient financial assets to acquire necessary equipment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-asset-based mechanism used to distribute resources in a community?

<p>The sharing of subsistence foods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge for coastal communities?

<p>The need to balance resource harvesting and household budgets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does fuel access play in resource harvesting?

<p>Access to fuel enhances the ability to travel and harvest more frequently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern for harvesters in the Arctic, based on the provided information?

<p>The rapid changes in winter travel conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific practice are some Arctic communities adopting due to changing ice conditions?

<p>Waiting longer to travel or following others with higher risk tolerance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered to potentially increase in rural Alaska due to economic development and climate change?

<p>The importance of time as a factor in accessibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the traditional practices used by communities like Kotzebue and Kivalina in the harvesting of resources?

<p>Subsistence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the communities, what is a core principle of subsistence harvesting?

<p>Treating wildlife with respect and not wasting resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary geographical risk factor mentioned for Kivalina?

<p>Being highly exposed to climate change impacts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a potential approach to increase adaptive capacity in Arctic communities?

<p>Combining asset-based and non-asset-based mechanisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the newer generation of harvesters?

<p>They will be experiencing a different set of conditions from past generations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to increase access to authority and knowledge simultaneously for harvesters?

<p>Holding meetings in both rural and urban centers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of holding public outreach meetings?

<p>To share information about harvesting regulations and generate proposals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the concept of 'access' related to the concept of 'authority' according to the text?

<p>They are closely connected, especially due to colonial influences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'decolonizing access' aim to support?

<p>Indigenous food sovereignty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Krupa et al. (2020) find in their study about involving remote locations?

<p>That holding meetings in both rural and urban locations increases access to the public participation process for harvesters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement 'to control access is to mediate the access of others'?

<p>It highlights how control over access also involves controlling who can access resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the impacts of a complex patchwork of state, federal, and corporate land ownership in northwestern Alaska?

<p>It has created barriers to traditional hunting and harvesting practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential drawback of school for children in the context of subsistence harvesting?

<p>It can reduce the time children have to participate in harvesting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Sovereignty

The ability to obtain food and other resources needed for survival and well-being.

Resilience

The ability of a community to adapt and thrive in the face of challenges.

Accessibility

The impact of climate change on access to resources, even when those resources are available.

Social-Ecological Factors

The ways in which people interact with their environment and the resources it provides.

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Climate Change Stressors

Changes in the Earth's climate, including rising temperatures and changing weather patterns.

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Subsistence

The practice of relying on local and traditional means of obtaining food.

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Mediating Resource Access

The ways in which government agencies can help ensure people have access to resources.

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Arctic Communities & Climate Change

Indigenous communities in the Arctic are facing challenges related to climate change and resource access.

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Access

The ability to use and benefit from resources, including food, for survival and well-being.

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Access Theory

The study of how people get what they need, including food, from their environment.

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Chronic Climate Stressors

Climate changes that affect the environment over a long period of time, like sea ice melting or coastal erosion.

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Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)

Traditional knowledge and practices passed down through generations, often about interacting with the natural world.

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Indigenous Food Sovereignty

The right of Indigenous communities to manage their own resources and make decisions about their food systems.

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Adaptation

Ways individuals or communities adjust to changes in their environment, such as climate change.

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Climate Stressor

A change in the environment that makes it harder for people to access coastal resources, such as changes in weather patterns, ice conditions, or the availability of animals.

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Access Mechanism

The way in which people are able to gain access to coastal resources, such as the use of boats, snowmobiles, or traditional knowledge.

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Bearded Seal (Uugruk)

A type of seal that is typically hunted at the edge of the sea ice, where the ice meets open water.

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Seasonality

The period of time when a particular species is available for hunting or fishing.

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Deteriorating Ice Quality

The changes in ice conditions that are making it more difficult for people to hunt seals on the sea ice.

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Distance to Access

The distance people have to travel to reach their hunting or fishing grounds.

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Ice Safety

The ability to travel safely across the sea ice.

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Adaptation Measures

Strategies that people can use to adapt to changes in the environment or to cope with the challenges of accessing coastal resources.

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Economic Barrier to Resource Access

In certain coastal communities, the need for larger boats to reach resources in open water can create an economic barrier. This is because families with less wealth may not be able to afford these vessels, potentially limiting their access to resources.

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Fuel Access & Resource Availability

The cost of fuel is crucial for accessing coastal resources. Individuals with more financial means have greater flexibility to purchase fuel, allowing them to travel farther and more frequently for harvests.

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Trade-offs in Resource Harvesting

In some cases, individuals may sacrifice essential household expenses, like utility bills, to afford fuel needed for resource harvesting.

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Reduced Travel Distances for Resource Harvesting

Individuals may shorten their trips for resource harvesting to conserve fuel, potentially affecting the overall efficiency of their efforts.

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Food Sharing: Non-Asset Based Distribution

Sharing of subsistence foods among community members is a valuable mechanism for resource distribution, even without relying solely on wealth.

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Super-Households and Resource Distribution

Super-households refer to individuals who are highly skilled at harvesting subsistence foods and distribute excess resources within their community through social connections.

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Social Networks and Community Resilience

The use of super-households demonstrates the importance of social networks in distributing coastal resources, highlighting the role of relationships in community resilience.

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Community Resilience Beyond Wealth

The distribution of resources through social networks is not solely based on material wealth but emphasizes the value of relationships and shared knowledge within a community.

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Subsistence Harvesters

People who rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering for their food and livelihood.

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Resource Access

The ability to access resources, even when those resources are affected by climate change.

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Adaptive Capacity

The ability of a community to adapt to change and maintain or improve its well-being.

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Resource-Dependent Communities

Communities that rely heavily on natural resources for their food, clothing, and shelter.

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Adaptive Mechanisms

A combination of factors that influence how a community adapts to challenges, including social, economic, and environmental factors.

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Study Notes

Climate Change Stressors and Social-Ecological Factors Mediating Access to Subsistence Resources in Arctic Alaska

  • Indigenous (Iñupiat) communities in Arctic Alaska rely heavily on coastal resources for subsistence.
  • Climate change impacts, including sea ice retreat, coastal erosion, and changing weather patterns, are altering access to these resources.
  • Access theory, which examines the ways access to resources is controlled and maintained, is applied in this study.
  • Chronic climate stressors, especially sea ice retreat, weather changes, and coastal erosion, most affected access to traditional subsistence resources.
  • Harvesters use various mechanisms for access, including capital, knowledge, technology, social identity, social relations, authority, and time.
  • Adapting to these changes involves increased reliance on technology and capital like boats, switching to alternate species, or sharing resources within social networks, or possibly transitioning to new forms of food production.
  • Indigenous food sovereignty is crucial for community resilience in a rapidly changing environment.
  • The study analyzed Kotzebue, Kivalina, and Sisualik communities, with interviews focusing on changing harvest access impacting traditional foods.

Theoretical Framework

  • Access theory, developed by Ribot and Peluso, helps understand how access to natural resources is socially and politically constructed.
  • This framework is applied to a coastal social-ecological system to analyze climate adaptation.
  • Key access mechanisms include authority, capital, knowledge, social identity, social relations, technology, and time.

Methods

  • Case studies in Kotzebue and Kivalina, Alaska were undertaken, focusing on coastal communities near Cape Krusenstern National Monument.
  • Approximately 80% of the population is Alaska Native.
  • Semi-structured interviews, supplemented by environmental data, were used to capture harvester perspectives and potential adaptations.
  • Environmental data about sea ice, weather, and coastal erosion trends were gathered.
  • Interview data was analyzed thematically to understand climate stressors impacting harvesting, and to identify access mechanisms mediating coastal resource access.

Results

  • Key climate stressors include sea ice extent, weather, and coastal erosion.
  • Harvesters reported changes in the seasonality and availability of coastal resources like bearded seal, beluga, and salmon.
  • Coastal erosion impacts access to harvest areas.
  • Access mechanisms like capital (boats, equipment), technology (boats, ATVs), knowledge (traditions, hunting techniques), social identity (Alaska Native status), social relations (sharing), authority (managing access rules), and time (travel time to harvest) are key to mediating access challenges.

Discussion

  • Climate change impacts are altering access to coastal resources, and this is particularly problematic for communities heavily reliant on subsistence.
  • The study's framework combines access theory with adaptive capacity concepts to identify how social, cultural, political, and economic factors influence access to subsistence resources.
  • Indigenous knowledge, cultural practices, and community support are vital for adaptation.
  • Future research should focus on supporting community-led adaptation strategies.

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Climate Change Stressors in Arctic Alaska PDF

Description

This quiz explores key findings from a study focused on climate change impacts on coastal resource access, particularly for Indigenous communities. It examines adaptation strategies, climate stressors, and the role of access theory in understanding resource availability. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms identified in the research and their implications for harvest management.

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