Climate and Weather Patterns Quiz

<p>Continental climates have more extreme temperature fluctuations, while maritime climates experience milder temperature variations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maritime climates experience greater rainfall due to their proximity to the ocean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure cells influence both the movement of air masses and the formation of clouds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of interconnected surface and deep ocean currents that transport heat, salt, and nutrients around the globe, influencing global climate patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mountains create a barrier to airflow, causing air to rise and cool, leading to condensation and precipitation. (A), Mountains block the flow of air, creating dry conditions on their leeward sides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased precipitation in the Malay Archipelago and Southeast Asia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Have a significant impact on global climate patterns. (B), Involve the movement of warm water in the Pacific Ocean. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is caused by changes in atmospheric pressure cells in the North Atlantic Ocean. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>El Nino causes increased precipitation, while La Nina causes drought. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ITCZ determines the amount of rainfall in tropical rainforests by shifting with the seasons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heavy rainfall leaches nutrients from the soil over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They capture the majority of the sunlight in the rainforest canopy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logging for timber and conversion to agriculture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The freezing of water in the subsurface permafrost, pushing the soil upward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High temperatures and high precipitation throughout the year, with very little seasonal variation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human activities, such as exploration and development of energy resources, are increasingly affecting the Arctic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large amount of precipitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme weather conditions, such as cold winters and short, cool summers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fire clears out old vegetation and allows for new growth, while elevation affects the microclimate and precipitation patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dense canopy of trees blocks out most of the sunlight, forcing trees to grow tall to reach the sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The climate diagram shows high temperatures and high precipitation throughout the year, with minimal seasonal variation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boreal forests experience a warmer average annual temperature than tundra ecosystems, but both exhibit similarly low temperatures during winter months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both boreal forests and tundra ecosystems are primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere, extending across Canada, Russia, and other northern regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consistent and evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year, with minimal fluctuations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tundra ecosystems experience an average annual temperature of -14.3 degrees Celsius, with extremely low temperatures during winter and relatively cool summers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion of highly concentrated urine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actively absorbing salt from the surrounding water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dodder (Cuscuta) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms use metabolic processes to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C4 and CAM plants have evolved mechanisms to reduce photorespiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have adapted mechanisms to conserve water and obtain water from their diet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C3 plants have higher energetic efficiency than CAM plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conversion of temperate deciduous forests into agricultural lands is a major threat to this biome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperate evergreen forests have a high density of understory tree ferns due to high rainfall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperate rainforests experience more frequent and less intense fires than temperate deciduous forests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasion by non-native species. (B), Extensive logging for lumber and paper pulp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High precipitation throughout the year, creating nutrient-rich soils. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expansion of agriculture into the boreal forest region. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permafrost contributes to nutrient-poor soils, limiting vegetation growth. (A), Permafrost contributes to the formation of patterned ground features such as polygons and stripes. (B), Permafrost reduces the availability of water for plant growth due to its frozen state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tundra has a shorter growing season than boreal forests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forests found between 30° and 50° N, marked by oak, maple, and beech trees that lose leaves in winter.

Soils found in temperate rainforests and evergreen forests that lack essential nutrients for plant growth.

Forests located between 30° and 50° N and S, featuring trees that retain their leaves throughout the year.

Forests found between 50° and 65° N, characterized by long winters, cold temperatures, and short summers.

Threats such as logging, invasive species, and fires that impact temperate forests.

Non-native species that disrupt local ecosystems, such as chestnut blight and invasive grasses.

A layer of permanently frozen subsoil found in boreal forests, impacting vegetation.

Forests with high precipitation and mild temperatures, often found on the west coasts.

Mountains cause air to rise and cool, forming clouds and enhancing precipitation.

Differences in solar radiation create upslope winds in the east, leading to clouds and potential thunderstorms.

At night, ground cools, air becomes denser, leading to more subfreezing temperatures in low areas.

Wind-facing areas receive more precipitation; opposite side is drier due to mountains blocking air.

Pressure cells affect moist air movement from oceans, impacting rainfall and cloud formation.

The driest region on earth is the Atacama Desert due to high pressure in the Pacific Ocean blocking rain.

Upwelling is driven by winds that push surface waters away, leading deeper waters to rise.

A system of interconnected ocean currents that transfers heat among the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans.

Forests found in Canada and northern Eurasia, mainly composed of coniferous and deciduous trees.

Cold, treeless region found in North Canada and northern Eurasia, characterized by dwarf shrubs and few trees.

The average temperature over a year, important to understanding climate in specific regions.

The sum of all rainfall and snowfall in a year, describing moisture levels in an ecosystem.

A graphical representation showing temperature and precipitation over the months of the year.

A climate phenomenon that involves switching positions of high and low pressure in the Pacific, altering weather patterns.

A climate phase that strengthens normal patterns with increased upwelling and droughts in regions like Southeast Asia.

A climate variation influencing Europe, northern Asia, and North America's east coast, similar to ENSO.

Long-term climate variation in the North Pacific ocean affecting weather patterns over decades.

Dense forests located near the equator with rich biodiversity and high rainfall.

Tall trees that rise above the canopy in tropical rainforests, receiving full sunlight.

Woody vines in the rainforest that climb up trees for support and sunlight access.

Plants that grow on other plants, using them for support without harming them.

A small hill formed by frozen water pushing the soil upward in permafrost areas.

The Arctic has experienced warming nearly double the global average.

Higher wind speeds, more intense solar radiation, and lower oxygen levels.

Found in regions like northeast South America, west central Africa, and southeast Asia.

A type of forest that experiences seasonal rain, found in areas like central Africa and parts of Asia.

Grassland ecosystems with scattered trees, often characterized by seasonal rains and fires.

Areas in specialized organs where water and solutes are exchanged.

Amphibians have specialized skin that resists water loss.

Freshwater animals gain water through gills and excrete excess via urine.

Saltwater animals exchange solutes with seawater and excrete urine against an osmotic gradient.

Organisms that capture energy from sunlight or inorganic compounds and store it in carbon bonds.

Organisms that derive energy from inorganic chemical compounds.

A photosynthesis process that uses the Calvin Cycle, where CO2 is joined to Rubisco creating a 6-carbon intermediate.

A type of photosynthesis that increases water-use efficiency by opening stomata at night.