160 Questions
What is a major issue with traditional client/server setups?
Unpredictable workloads
Why were DDoS attacks successful in the past?
Because of lack of thresholds in traditional client/server models
What is a benefit of peer-to-peer systems?
They can solve problems with unpredictable workloads
What is an example of a decentralized and distributed system?
Blockchain immutable ledger technology
What is a characteristic of traditional client/server systems?
They scale vertically and use central data stores
What is a benefit of redundancy and availability zones?
They help keep online business systems running smoothly despite changes in demand
What is the nature of workloads in traditional client/server setups?
Unpredictable and variable
What is a characteristic of two-tier architecture?
Presentation layer runs on a client, and data layer runs on a server
Which database management system was developed in 1979?
Teradata
Which database management system is known for its ability to perform millions of transactions in a second?
Teradata
What does ADABAS stand for?
Adaptable Database System
Which database management system is available in freeware and paid versions?
MySQL
Which database management system supports multiple operating systems including Windows, Linux, and Unix?
FileMaker
Which database management system is cost-effective and suitable for E-Commerce websites?
Microsoft Access
Which database management system has the latest updated version of 16.0.4229.1024?
Microsoft Access
Which database management system was introduced by IBM?
Informix
What is the primary function of HTTPS?
To enable website encryption by running HTTP over TLS
What is the prefix used to request a secure page?
https://
What is the port number used by the web server for HTTPS connections?
TCP port 443
What is the purpose of the SSL certificate?
To verify the identity of the remote server and extract the remote server's public key
How does the web browser create a session key?
By encrypting it with the server's public key
What is the purpose of the private key in HTTPS?
To decrypt the session key
What is the limitation of HTTPS?
It does not protect against cross-site scripting attacks
What is required to enable a web server to encrypt all content that it sends?
A public key certificate
What is the primary purpose of an FTP server?
To allow users to upload and download files
What is the typical lifetime of a certificate issued by a cloud security provider like Qualys?
One year
What happens when a digital certificate is installed on a web server?
It eliminates 'site not secure' messages from web browsers
What is the purpose of periodically testing an SSL server?
To verify that certificates are valid and flag any that are nearing their end-of-life dates
What is the maximum lifetime of a certificate issued by a cloud security provider like Qualys?
27 months
What is the protocol used to transfer files via the internet between a server and a client?
FTP
What is the benefit of installing a digital certificate on a web server?
It eliminates 'site not secure' messages from web browsers
What is an FTP server?
A computer that has a file transfer protocol (FTP) address and is dedicated to receiving an FTP connection
What is Neo4j known as?
Graph Database Management System
Which programming language is Neo4j written in?
Java
Which of the following databases is known for its ability to execute queries in different formats like HTML, PDF, XML, and Excel?
SQL Developer
Which database management system is written in C++, C, and Erlang languages?
Couchbase
Which database server is available as open-source and has a user-friendly interface?
phpMyAdmin
What is the latest updated version of OrientDB?
2.2.17
Which database management system is known for its ability to export data in different file formats like CSV, SQL, and XML?
phpMyAdmin
Which of the following databases is an open-source database server that can run on both Linux and Windows platforms?
phpMyAdmin
What is the primary objective of designing the database system mentioned in the content?
To support multiple platforms including Linux, UNIX, and Windows
Which database management system is known for its ability to perform millions of transactions in a second?
Altibase
What is the latest version of Oracle mentioned in the content?
12c (12 Cloud Computing)
Which database management system was introduced in 1983?
IBM DB2
What is the latest update version of SAP Sybase ASE mentioned in the content?
15.7
Which database management system can support cross-platform compatibility like UNIX, Linux, and Windows?
All of the above
Which database management system is an hybrid DBMS and relational open source database?
Altibase
How many enterprise clients has Altibase database covered till now?
700
Which database management system is available in both free and paid versions?
MariaDB
Which database system is known for its ability to support large amounts of data and prevent data loss?
Hadoop HDFS
Which database management system is known for its high speed of data processing and is often used by large enterprises?
Cloudera
Which database system is designed for Mac and works with MySQL database?
Sequel Pro
Which database management system provides a user-friendly interface and supports exporting data in CSV format?
DbVisualizer
Which database system is designed for both Linux and Windows platforms?
Robomongo
Which database management system provides multi-core support, multiple threads, and real-time database access?
MariaDB
What is the primary purpose of an application server?
To provide an environment with all the necessary requirements to run or develop an application
Which database system is known for its ability to handle large amounts of data and provides high availability?
Hadoop HDFS
What is a characteristic of dedicated servers?
They have high-performance RAM, a faster processor and several high-capacity hard drives
What is the purpose of a print server?
To manage and distribute printing tasks across a network
What is the main difference between a dedicated server and a personal computer?
Dedicated servers are optimized for serving purposes
What is the primary purpose of using a reverse proxy in a web server?
To hide an internal server and act as an intermediary for traffic
What is the purpose of a domain name service?
To translate domain names to IP addresses
What is the main advantage of using a dedicated server?
They are more reliable and can handle a high volume of traffic
What is a key consideration when choosing a web server?
The web server's ability to handle server-side programming
What is the primary function of a proxy server?
To act as an intermediary between a client and a server
Why is it important to keep web servers patched and up to date?
To ensure the web server isn't susceptible to vulnerabilities
What is the purpose of using a firewall in a web server?
To monitor HTTP traffic
What is the main benefit of using a dedicated server?
They provide a high degree of fault tolerance and reliability
What is the purpose of network monitoring in a web server?
To detect and prevent unauthorized access to the web server
What is the purpose of using SSL in a web server?
To keep data secure during transmission
What is a benefit of using a web server that supports multiple operating systems?
It allows for better compatibility with different operating systems
What is a characteristic of a high-performance web server?
It has low latency and high throughput
What is the primary function of a database server?
To provide access and retrieve data from a database
What is a feature of 4D?
Supports both Mac and Windows platforms
What is the function of the 'Front End' in a database server?
To run on the local machines operated by users for getting access permission to the database server
What is the role of the 'Back End' in a database server?
To run on the database server itself that is accessed by remote shell
What is the primary role of HTTP, FTP, and Database servers?
To provide essential network-based services
What is the purpose of Database servers?
To fulfill high-performance network-based requirements
What is the result of better understanding of HTTP, FTP, and Database servers?
Seamless services will be provided to the customers
What is the function of the database server in terms of data retrieval?
To retrieve information from the database and output it to the user requesting data
What is the primary function of an application server?
To provide a platform for developing or running an application
What is a characteristic of dedicated servers?
They have high-performance RAM, faster processors, and high-capacity hard drives
What is an example of a type of server that provides a service?
All of the above
What is a requirement for dedicated servers?
They must be able to stay always on
What is a benefit of dedicated servers?
They are set up with a certain degree of fault tolerance
What is a characteristic of servers?
Nearly all personal computers are capable of serving as network servers
What is a type of server that provides a platform for developing or running an application?
Application server
What is a benefit of using dedicated servers?
They can reduce the risk of causing service issues
What is the primary objective of designing the database system mentioned in the content?
To be used on IBM's iSeries server, as well as support Linux, UNIX, and Windows platforms
Which database management system is known for its ability to support cross-platform compatibility like UNIX, Linux, and Windows?
All of the above
Which database management system is an hybrid DBMS and relational open source database?
Altibase
How many enterprise clients has Altibase database covered till now?
700
What is the latest version of Oracle mentioned in the content?
12c
Which database management system was introduced in 1983?
IBM DB2
What is the latest update version of SAP Sybase ASE mentioned in the content?
15.7
Which database management system is available in both free and paid versions?
Altibase
What is the primary purpose of using a reverse proxy in web server security?
To hide an internal server and act as an intermediary for traffic originating on an internal server
What is an important aspect of web server security?
Keeping web servers patched and up to date to prevent vulnerabilities
What is the purpose of using a firewall in web server security?
To monitor HTTP traffic
What is the purpose of SSL encryption in web server security?
To encrypt data transmitted over the internet
What is the purpose of network monitoring in web server security?
To monitor network traffic for unauthorized activity
What is a benefit of using HTTPS protocol?
It encrypts data transmitted over the internet
What is a characteristic of a web server that is well-equipped to handle medium to large websites?
It is fast and consumes less CPU power
What is an important consideration in choosing a web server?
How well it works with the operating system and other servers
What is the primary function of a database server?
To provide services related to accessing and retrieving data
What is the benefit of having a database server?
It increases the performance of the network
What is a characteristic of the 'Front End' in a database server?
It is run on the local machines operated by users
What is the 'Back End' in a database server used for?
Running on the database server itself
What is 4D known for?
All of the above
What is the role of HTTP, FTP, and Database servers?
To provide essential network-based services
What is the result of better understanding of HTTP, FTP, and Database services?
Seamless services to the customers
What is the importance of HTTP, FTP, and Database servers?
They can be imagined as the backbone of the internet
Which database system is known for its ease of use and flexibility in connectivity?
Sequel Pro
Which open-source database system can support large amounts of data and prevent data loss?
Hadoop HDFS
Which database management system offers multi-core support, multiple threads, internet protocol, and real-time database access?
Informix Dynamic Server
Which database system is available in both free and paid versions?
MariaDB
Which database system has a user-friendly interface and offers better facility for exporting data in CSV format?
DbVisualizer
Which database system is suitable for large enterprises due to its high-speed data processing?
Cloudera
Which database system can bear a large quantity of load and has a great error handling system?
Robomongo
Which database system offers easy installation and is easy to operate?
Sequel Pro
What is the primary function of an application server?
To provide an environment to run or develop an application
What is a characteristic of dedicated servers?
They have high-performance RAM, faster processors, and high-capacity hard drives
What is the purpose of redundant power supplies in dedicated servers?
To reduce the risk of service issues and downtime
What is an advantage of using dedicated servers?
They can stay always on to deliver their services
What is the purpose of fault tolerance in dedicated servers?
To reduce the risk of service issues and downtime
What type of server is used to provide an environment to run or develop an application?
Application server
What is a characteristic of client machines?
They are capable of serving as network servers
What is the primary function of a dedicated server?
To serve as a network server
What is a key benefit of a web server like Sun Java System Web Server?
Being fast and secure while consuming less CPU power
What is a key consideration when choosing a web server?
Its ability to handle server-side programming
What is the primary purpose of a reverse proxy in web server security?
To act as an intermediary for traffic originating on an internal server
Why is it essential to keep web servers patched and up to date?
To help ensure the web server isn't susceptible to vulnerabilities
What is the purpose of using a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) in web server security?
To help keep data secure
What is a key characteristic of a high-performance web server?
High throughput and low latency
What is the primary function of network monitoring in web server security?
To ensure there isn't any unauthorized activity
What is a popular web server that can run on Windows, Linux, and Unix?
Sun Java System Web Server
Which database system offers enlarge data storage and uses several machines for storing data?
Hadoop HDFS
Which database system has a user-friendly interface and easy setup?
DbVisualizer
Which database system is available in both free and paid versions?
MariaDB
Which database system can support both Linux and Windows platforms?
Informix Dynamic Server
Which database system is known for its high-speed data processing?
Cloudera
What is the primary purpose of an SSL server test page offered by Qualys?
To test and verify the validity of certificates and flag those nearing their end-of-life dates
Which database system offers better facility for exporting data in CSV format?
DbVisualizer
How often should system administrators test and verify certificates?
Regularly, to flag certificates nearing their end-of-life dates
What is the typical lifetime of a certificate issued by a cloud security provider like Qualys?
One year and never more than 27 months
Which database system can bear enlarge quantity of load and has great error handling system?
Robomongo
Which database system is easy to operate and works along with MySQL database?
Sequel Pro
What is the benefit of installing a digital certificate on a web server?
It eliminates 'site not secure' messages from web browsers and ensures communications are not subject to eavesdropping
What is the purpose of an FTP server?
To allow users to upload and download files
What protocol is used to transfer files via the internet between a server and a client?
FTP
What is the result of installing a digital certificate on a web server?
It eliminates 'site not secure' messages from web browsers and ensures communications are not subject to eavesdropping
Why is periodic testing of an SSL server important?
To ensure certificates are valid and servers respond properly to valid requests
What type of database management system is PostgreSQL?
Object relational database management system
Which database management system is written in ANSI C language?
Redis
Which database management system supports both structured and unstructured data?
MongoDB
What is the primary feature of Amazon RDS?
Easy configuration setup and backup/recovery
Which database management system is suitable for storing small to medium size data of websites?
SQLite
What is the primary advantage of Redis?
Great database speed and queries performance
Which database management system is available in both free and commercial versions?
CouchDB
What is the primary feature of CouchDB?
Secure system network and efficient error handling
Study Notes
Issues with Client/Server Models
- Traditional client/server setups face issues with unpredictable workloads, making them less agile and versatile compared to peer-to-peer systems.
- Peer-to-peer systems can solve problems like managing unpredictable workloads and securing against DDoS attacks and similar cyber attacks.
- Peer-to-peer systems are also helpful in handling disruptions based on a single point of failure.
Two-Tier Architecture
- A two-tier architecture is a software architecture that separates the presentation layer (client) and data layer (server).
- HTTPS enables website encryption by running HTTP over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.
- HTTPS ensures secure communication between the client and server, but it does not protect against other types of attacks like cross-site scripting and injection.
FTP Server
- An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and download files using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
- FTP servers are dedicated to receiving FTP connections and offer files for download via the FTP protocol.
Database Management Systems
Teradata
- Developed in 1979, Teradata supports Windows and Linux operating systems.
- It allows for easy data exposure and imposition, and can handle multiple processing at once.
ADABAS
- Stands for "Adaptable Database System", ADABAS has higher data processing speed and more reliable results.
MySQL
- A popular database management system for web-based applications, available in both free and paid versions.
- It can run on Linux and Windows operating systems.
- Features include: offering much functionality in the free version, supporting multiple user interfaces, and compatibility with other database systems like DB2 and Oracle.
FileMaker
- A database server that can work on multiple operating systems, including Windows, Linux, Unix, and Mac.
- It has the ability to make connections with different platforms, including SQL.
- It allows for easy sharing of information through cloud systems.
Microsoft Access
- A database management system that only runs on Microsoft Windows.
- It is cost-effective and often used for E-Commerce websites.
Informix
- Introduced by IBM, Informix is written in C, C++, and Assembly languages.
- It has a low maintenance requirement for hardware and can store data efficiently.
Neo4j
- A graph database management system that stores data in a graphical form.
- It has a high capacity server and can run on Linux, Unix, and Windows operating systems.
OrientDB
- Also a graph database management system, storing data in graphical form.
- It is written in Java and supports Linux and Windows operating systems.
- It is often used for real-time web-based applications in big data markets.
Couchbase
- An open-source database management system, written in C++, C, and Erlang languages.
- It supports Linux and Windows platforms.
Toad
- A database management system that is easy to set up and use, producing highly efficient results.
- It can export large amounts of data in multiple formats and does not require much maintenance time.
phpMyAdmin
- An open-source database server with a user-friendly interface.
- It supports Linux and Windows operating systems and can export data in multiple formats like CSV, SQL, and XML.
- It can also import data into both CSV and SQL file formats.
SQL Developer
- An open-source database server that can execute queries in multiple formats like HTML, PDF, XML, and Excel.
- It is written in Java and can run on both Linux and Windows platforms.
Database Management Systems
- SolarWinds Database Performance Analyzer is a database management software tool that helps analyze, tune, and monitor SQL query performance and supports cross-platform compatibility on UNIX, Linux, and Windows.
- Oracle is a popular object-relational database management software with its latest version being 12c (12 Cloud Computing), supporting multiple Windows, Linux, and UNIX versions.
- IBM DB2 was introduced in 1983 and is designed using C, C++, and Assembly languages, making it easy to install and set up, with the ability to store large amounts of data up to petabytes.
- Altibase is a hybrid DBMS that offers high performance, relational open-source database management, and is used in high-grade enterprise organizations, with over 700 enterprise clients, including 8 Fortune Global 500 organizations.
- Microsoft SQL Server was introduced in 1989, with its latest update released in 2016, supporting Linux and Windows operating systems, and allowing multiple users to access the same database simultaneously.
- SAP Sybase ASE is an adaptive server enterprise with its latest update version being 15.7.
Server Implementation
- Application servers provide an environment with necessary requirements to run or develop an application.
- Other types of servers include proxy servers, cloud servers, policy servers, blade servers, print servers, and domain name services.
- Dedicated servers are typically software/hardware systems with high-performance RAM, faster processors, and multiple high-capacity hard drives, and are often connected to redundant power supplies and multiple networks.
Web Servers
- Sun Java System Web Server is a free web server from Sun Microsystems that can run on Windows, Linux, and Unix, and is well-equipped to handle medium to large websites.
- Leading web servers include Apache, Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS), Nginx, Novell's NetWare server, Google Web Server (GWS), and IBM's family of Domino servers.
- Considerations in choosing a web server include its compatibility with the operating system and other servers, its ability to handle server-side programming, security characteristics, and publishing, search engine, and site-building tools.
- Web server security practices include using reverse proxies, access restriction, keeping web servers patched and up-to-date, network monitoring, and using firewalls and SSL.
Other Database Systems
- Sequel Pro is a database system used for Mac, easy to operate, and works with MySQL, offering easy connectivity and flexibility.
- Robomongo is a free and open-source database server that supports both Linux and Windows, can handle large loads, and has great error handling.
- DbVisualizer has a user-friendly interface, is easy to set up and install, and offers better facilities for exporting data in CSV format.
- Hadoop HDFS is a database system that offers large data storage, uses multiple machines for storing data, and prevents data loss due to redundancy.
- Cloudera is a database system that offers high-speed data processing, is used by large enterprises, and provides high-level security and better efficiency for large amounts of data.
- MariaDB is a database management system that offers multi-core support, multiple threads, internet protocol, and real-time database access, and can run on Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac operating systems.
- Informix Dynamic Server supports Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac operating systems, and offers multi-core support, multiple threads, internet protocol, and real-time database access.
- 4D stands for "4th Dimension" and supports Mac and Windows platforms, offering ability for importing and exporting data, and drag and drop facility.
Function and Working of Database Server
- A database server is a high-performing computer system that provides services related to accessing and retrieving data from a database.
- The "Front End" is run on local machines operated by users for accessing permission to the database server, and the "Back End" is run on the database server itself, accessed by remote shell.
- After retrieving information from the database, it is outputted to the user requesting data.
Database Management Systems
- SolarWinds Database Performance Analyzer is a database management software tool that helps analyze, tune, and monitor SQL query performance and supports cross-platform compatibility on UNIX, Linux, and Windows.
- Oracle is a popular object-relational database management software with its latest version being 12c (12 Cloud Computing), supporting multiple Windows, Linux, and UNIX versions.
- IBM DB2 was introduced in 1983 and is designed using C, C++, and Assembly languages, making it easy to install and set up, with the ability to store large amounts of data up to petabytes.
- Altibase is a hybrid DBMS that offers high performance, relational open-source database management, and is used in high-grade enterprise organizations, with over 700 enterprise clients, including 8 Fortune Global 500 organizations.
- Microsoft SQL Server was introduced in 1989, with its latest update released in 2016, supporting Linux and Windows operating systems, and allowing multiple users to access the same database simultaneously.
- SAP Sybase ASE is an adaptive server enterprise with its latest update version being 15.7.
Server Implementation
- Application servers provide an environment with necessary requirements to run or develop an application.
- Other types of servers include proxy servers, cloud servers, policy servers, blade servers, print servers, and domain name services.
- Dedicated servers are typically software/hardware systems with high-performance RAM, faster processors, and multiple high-capacity hard drives, and are often connected to redundant power supplies and multiple networks.
Web Servers
- Sun Java System Web Server is a free web server from Sun Microsystems that can run on Windows, Linux, and Unix, and is well-equipped to handle medium to large websites.
- Leading web servers include Apache, Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS), Nginx, Novell's NetWare server, Google Web Server (GWS), and IBM's family of Domino servers.
- Considerations in choosing a web server include its compatibility with the operating system and other servers, its ability to handle server-side programming, security characteristics, and publishing, search engine, and site-building tools.
- Web server security practices include using reverse proxies, access restriction, keeping web servers patched and up-to-date, network monitoring, and using firewalls and SSL.
Other Database Systems
- Sequel Pro is a database system used for Mac, easy to operate, and works with MySQL, offering easy connectivity and flexibility.
- Robomongo is a free and open-source database server that supports both Linux and Windows, can handle large loads, and has great error handling.
- DbVisualizer has a user-friendly interface, is easy to set up and install, and offers better facilities for exporting data in CSV format.
- Hadoop HDFS is a database system that offers large data storage, uses multiple machines for storing data, and prevents data loss due to redundancy.
- Cloudera is a database system that offers high-speed data processing, is used by large enterprises, and provides high-level security and better efficiency for large amounts of data.
- MariaDB is a database management system that offers multi-core support, multiple threads, internet protocol, and real-time database access, and can run on Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac operating systems.
- Informix Dynamic Server supports Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac operating systems, and offers multi-core support, multiple threads, internet protocol, and real-time database access.
- 4D stands for "4th Dimension" and supports Mac and Windows platforms, offering ability for importing and exporting data, and drag and drop facility.
Function and Working of Database Server
- A database server is a high-performing computer system that provides services related to accessing and retrieving data from a database.
- The "Front End" is run on local machines operated by users for accessing permission to the database server, and the "Back End" is run on the database server itself, accessed by remote shell.
- After retrieving information from the database, it is outputted to the user requesting data.
Server Implementation
- Application servers provide an environment with necessary requirements to run or develop an application.
- Other types of servers include: • Proxy servers • Cloud servers • Policy servers • Blade servers • Print servers • Domain name services
Server Characteristics
- Dedicated servers are optimized for this task with high-performance RAM, faster processors, and high-capacity hard drives.
- They are connected to redundant power supplies, multiple networks, and other servers.
- They require a certain degree of fault tolerance to reduce the risk of service issues.
Web Servers
- Sun Java System Web Server is a free web server that can run on Windows, Linux, and Unix.
- It is well-equipped to handle medium to large websites.
- Leading web servers include Apache, Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS), and Nginx.
- Other web servers include Novell's NetWare server, Google Web Server (GWS), and IBM's family of Domino servers.
- Considerations in choosing a web server include: • Operating system compatibility • Server-side programming capabilities • Security characteristics • Publishing, search engine, and site-building tools
Web Server Security
- Security practices include: • Reverse proxy to hide internal servers • Access restriction through limiting web host access to infrastructure machines or using Secure Socket Shell (SSH) • Keeping web servers patched and up-to-date • Network monitoring to detect unauthorized activity • Using firewalls and SSL to ensure secure data transmission
FTP Server
- FTP servers allow users to upload and download files via an FTP connection.
- They facilitate remote data sharing between computers.
Database Management Systems
- SQLite is an open-source database management tool for mobile devices, suitable for storing small to medium-sized data.
- PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system with great data security and fast data retrieval.
- Amazon RDS is a protective database system with easy configuration and built-in data backup and recovery features.
- MongoDB is a database system for applications using both structured and unstructured data.
- Redis is an open-source tool with high database speed and query performance.
- CouchDB is a secure system with efficient error handling.
- Sequel Pro is a database system for Mac, easy to operate and connect to MySQL.
- Robomongo is a free and open-source database server for Linux and Windows.
- DbVisualizer is a database system with a user-friendly interface and easy data export in CSV format.
- Hadoop HDFS is a database system for large data storage and processing, offering high data redundancy and parallel processing.
- Cloudera is a database system for large enterprises, offering high-speed data processing and security.
- MariaDB is a database management system with multiple storage engines and high query performance.
- Informix Dynamic Server is a database management system with multi-core support, multiple threads, and real-time database access.
Issues with traditional client/server setup, including unpredictable workloads and scalability. Focus on server implementation in web, FTP, and database environments.
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