Client-Server Architecture

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Questions and Answers

In a client-server architecture, what is the primary responsibility of the server?

  • Storing data, managing resources, and providing services to clients. (correct)
  • Displaying user interfaces and handling user input.
  • Initiating requests for services and resources.
  • Encrypting communication channels for enhanced security.

Which communication protocol is commonly used in client-server architectures to facilitate request-response interactions between clients and servers?

  • SMTP
  • HTTP (correct)
  • FTP
  • TCP/IP

What does 'statelessness' refer to in the context of client-server architecture?

  • The server maintains a continuous connection with the client.
  • Each request from a client is processed independently, without knowledge of previous requests. (correct)
  • Communications are encrypted to prevent data retention.
  • The client stores all session-related data.

What is the role of a load balancer in a scalable client-server architecture?

<p>To distribute incoming client requests evenly among multiple server instances. (A)</p>
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In the Request-Response messaging pattern, what is the primary function of the 'responder'?

<p>To process the request and generate a response message. (D)</p>
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In a synchronous Request-Response messaging pattern, what behavior does the requester exhibit?

<p>It waits for a response from the responder before continuing operation. (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of the Request-Response messaging pattern?

<p>Persistent connection (B)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the concept of a 'glue language' in the context of scripting?

<p>An interpreted scripting language designed to connect software components. (B)</p>
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In what way do scripting languages commonly interact with existing systems?

<p>By providing a programmable interface, such as an API, to manipulate, customize, and automate the system's functionalities. (D)</p>
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Which of the following is an example of using a scripting language as an alternative to a conventional language?

<p>Using Python, with its rich functionality and ease of use, to develop a web application instead of Java. (D)</p>
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What is a key area where scripting languages are heavily utilized on the web?

<p>Processing forms, creating enhanced visual effects, and generating dynamic pages from databases. (D)</p>
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What is the primary distinction between 'coding' and 'scripting'?

<p>Coding is a general term for composing instructions for computers, whereas scripting is a type of coding focused on automating step-by-step processes. (D)</p>
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Which of the following is a characteristic of server-side scripting languages?

<p>They run off web servers, performing tasks on the back-end, and are not visible to the visitor. (D)</p>
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Which of these technologies is commonly used for client-side scripting?

<p>JavaScript (A)</p>
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What does AJAX enable in web development?

<p>Dynamically updating a page without making the user wait or refreshing the entire page. (D)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of integrating JavaScript and PHP using AJAX?

<p>To fetch and display data from a server without requiring a full page reload. (A)</p>
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Which of the following statements accurately describes AJAX?

<p>AJAX is a technique that allows downloading data from a server asynchronously, enhancing user experience. (C)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a typical benefit of using AJAX in web applications?

<p>Increased website security through encrypted data transmission. (C)</p>
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In the context of web development, what does asynchronous communication, facilitated by AJAX, primarily achieve?

<p>Allowing the web page to remain responsive and interactive while data is being retrieved from the server. (B)</p>
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Which of the following is an example of a real-world application that utilizes AJAX to enhance user experience?

<p>Google Suggest, which provides real-time search suggestions as you type. (D)</p>
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Flashcards

Client-Server Architecture

A computing model dividing tasks between a server and client, known for flexibility and scalability.

Client

A device that initiates requests for services or resources from the server.

Server

A powerful computer that stores data, manages resources, and provides services to clients.

Request-Response Model

Clients send a request to the server; the server processes it and sends a response back.

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Statelessness

Client-server interactions where the server does not retain information from previous requests.

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Request-Response Messaging Pattern

A communication paradigm where a requester sends a message to a responder.

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Synchronous Request

The client waits for the server's response before proceeding.

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Asynchronous Request

The client continues operations without waiting for the server's immediate response.

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Glue Language

Using scripting languages to connect software components.

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Scripting

Automating step-by-step processes via code.

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Server-Side Scripting

Languages that run on a web server performing back-end operations.

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Client-Side Scripting

Languages that run on the user's browser, performing front-end operations.

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AJAX

A technique using JavaScript and XML to update web pages dynamically without reloading.

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Asynchronous Data Download

Data transfer from a server, without blocking the user from interacting with the page.

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Study Notes

  • Client-server architecture is a computing model dividing tasks between servers and clients
  • This architecture is widely used in web-based systems, enterprise software, and cloud computing due to its flexibility, scalability, and robustness

How It Works

  • Client: A device that initiates requests for services or resources from a server, such as desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and web browsers
  • Server: A powerful computer that stores data, manages resources, and provides services to clients, ranging from simple file servers to complex web servers
  • Communication between clients and servers utilizes protocols like HTTP, FTP, and TCP/IP
  • Request-Response Model: Clients send requests to the server; the server processes these requests and sends a response back to the client
  • Client-server interactions are stateless, meaning servers do not retain information about previous interactions with clients and process each request independently
  • Client-server architectures are scalable by distributing the load across multiple servers
  • Load balancers distribute incoming client requests evenly among multiple server instances for optimal performance and resource utilization
  • Security is crucial, ensuring only authorized users can access resources with measures like encryption

Request-Response Messaging Pattern

  • A communication paradigm used in distributed systems where a requester sends a message to a responder

Process

  • A client initiates a request message that includes details about the action being requested
  • The request message is transmitted over a communication channel from client to server
  • The server processes the request based on the information provided, executing actions or retrieving data
  • The server generates a response
  • The response message is transmitted from the server back to the client
  • The client handles the response to obtain the result of the requested action, then takes further actions accordingly

Key Characteristics

  • Communication can be synchronous (waiting for a response) or asynchronous (continuing operation without waiting)
  • Involves one-to-one communication between a requester and a responder
  • Stateless, with servers not retaining information about past requests

Example Usage

  • HTTP Request-Response: Clients send HTTP requests to a server, which responds with HTML
  • Remote Procedure Calls (RPC): Clients invoke procedures on a remote server
  • Messaging Systems: Message queues or publish-subscribe systems support requests

Scripting

  • Has three meanings: a new style of programming, using scripting languages to manipulate existing systems, and using scripting languages as an alternative to conventional languages

A New Style of Programming

  • Scripting languages serve as "glue languages," connecting software components

Manipulating Existing Systems

  • Scripting languages provide a programmable interface, such as an API, to customize and automate facilities

Alternative to Conventional Languages

  • Scripting languages offer rich functionality and ease of use

Creating and Executing Scripts

  • The web provides many applications for scripting languages
  • Web scripting includes processing forms, creating pages with enhanced visual effects and user interaction, and generating pages dynamically from databases

Coding vs Scripting

  • Coding involves using a computer language to compose instructions for computers an interchangeable with Programming
  • Scripting is a specific type of coding used to automate step-by-step processes

Server-Side Scripting Languages

  • These languages run off web servers and perform actions on the back-end, not visible to visitors
  • Examples: PHP, Python, Node.js, Perl, Ruby

Client-Side Scripting Languages

  • These languages run off the user's browser and perform actions on the front-end, visible to visitors
  • Examples: HTML, CSS, jQuery, JavaScript

Integrating JavaScript and PHP using AJAX

  • Supports both synchronous and asynchronous web communication

AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

  • AJAX is not a programming language itself
  • It facilitates downloading data from a server asynchronously, allowing dynamic page updates without making the user wait
  • AJAX creates user-friendly websites
  • Examples: Practice-it, Google Suggest

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