Client-Server Architecture

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum bit bandwidth for typical Ethernet segments?

10 Gb/s

100 Mb/s (correct)

500 Mb/s

10 Mb/s

What role does a hub play in an Ethernet segment?

It copies every bit received on each port to every other port. (correct)

It encrypts data before transmission.

It filters data packets based on their address.

It stores data temporarily for high-speed access.

What is included in an Ethernet frame's payload?

The actual user data. (correct)

The destination host's MAC address.

A checksum for error detection.

The frame length.

How does a client on host A send data to a server on host B through a router?

By invoking a system call that transfers data to the kernel buffer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of encapsulation in the context of client-server communication?

To append headers for routing and framing. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a frame sent by the LAN1 adapter on host A?

It is passed to the network for transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What identifies each Ethernet adapter uniquely?

A 48-bit MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is performed first when a client wants to send data?

The client copies data into a kernel buffer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a server in a client-server architecture?

To provide services by manipulating managed resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the first step in a client-server transaction?

The client initiates a transaction by sending a request to the server Signup and view all the answers

How does a server respond after interpreting a client's request?

It sends the processed response back to the client Signup and view all the answers

What is a common example of a resource managed by a Web server?

Disk files Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the relationship between clients and servers in a network?

Clients and servers can exist on separate hosts within a network Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after a client receives a response from the server?

The client manipulates the response data Signup and view all the answers

In a client-server model, what does a client primarily do?

Initiates requests for services from the server Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a transaction between a client and a server?

It involves multiple steps including requests and responses Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Client-Server Architecture

This model is the basis for all network applications.
It involves a server process and one or more client processes.
A server manages resources and provides services to clients.
Web servers manage disk files.
FTP servers manage and store disk files.
Email servers manage and update spool files.

Client-Server Programming Model

The client initiates transactions by sending requests to the server.
Web browsers request files from Web servers.
The server receives, interprets and manipulates resources relevant to the request.
Web servers read disk files based on client requests.
The server sends a response to the client.
Web servers sends the requested file to the client.
The client receives the response and processes it based on the request.
Web browsers display pages after receiving them from the server.

Client-Server Operations (Four Steps)

Step 1: Client requests service by sending a request to a server.
Step 2: The server processes the request and manipulates the requested resource.
Step 3: The server responds to the client request and waits for the next request.
Step 4: The client receives the server response and processes it.

Client-Server Model

Clients and servers are processes, not machines.
A single host can run many clients and servers concurrently.
Client-server transactions can run on the same or different hosts.

Network

Clients and servers often run on separate hosts.
Network communication utilizes hardware and software resources.

Ethernet

Ethernet segments consist of wires and a hub.
Segments are typically contained in small areas, like a room or floor.
Each wire has a consistent maximum bit bandwidth (e.g., 100 Mb/s or 1 Gb/s).
One end of the wire attaches to a host adapter, and the other end to a port on the hub.
A hub copies data from each port to every other.
Each Ethernet adapter has a unique 48-bit address.

Ethernet LAN

Each Ethernet adapter has its unique 48-bit address.
A host can send a chunk of bits (frame) to another host on the same segment.
Frames contain header bits (source, destination, length) and a data payload.
All hosts receive the frame, but only the destination host reads it.

Bridged LAN

Two or more Ethernet segments can be connected with bridges.
Bridges connect Ethernet segments with varying bandwidths.
Hosts communicate across different LAN segments via bridges.

Internet

The Internet connects multiple LANs together.
Routers connect distinct LANs.
Hosts communicate through routers when they are on separate LANs.

Client-Server Communication

Hosts and routers use internet protocols to communicate across incompatible LANs.
A request from a client on one LAN is routed to the server on another LAN.
Data is encapsulated (wrapped) within multiple layers of protocols as it travels across the internet.

Client-Server Communication (Steps)

Client invokes a system call to copy data in virtual address space to kernel buffer.
The protocol software creates a LAN1 frame, adding an internet header addressed to the destination host.
LAN1 frame header gets added; the frame is sent to the LAN1 adapter, and the corresponding router.
The router checks the destination and passes the frame to the LAN2 adapter.
The LAN2 adapter passes the frame to the destination host (server).
The server's protocol software extracts the user data and places it in the server's virtual address space,.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of client-server architecture with this quiz. Understand how client and server processes interact, the role of web servers, and the operational steps involved in client-server communications. Test your knowledge of network applications and server functionalities.