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Questions and Answers
What is described as a dysfunctional and irrational feeling that individuals experience?
What is described as a dysfunctional and irrational feeling that individuals experience?
Which approach is NOT mentioned as a way to control emotion according to the provided content?
Which approach is NOT mentioned as a way to control emotion according to the provided content?
How does Ellis view the relationship between thinking and emotion?
How does Ellis view the relationship between thinking and emotion?
What is the role of a counsellor in this theory?
What is the role of a counsellor in this theory?
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According to the content, who is responsible for their behavior?
According to the content, who is responsible for their behavior?
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What is another name for client-centered counseling?
What is another name for client-centered counseling?
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What does the client-centered approach primarily stress?
What does the client-centered approach primarily stress?
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According to Carl Rogers, what is the key quality of the counseling relationship?
According to Carl Rogers, what is the key quality of the counseling relationship?
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What role does the counselor play in client-centered therapy?
What role does the counselor play in client-centered therapy?
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How does the client-centered approach help clients with unacceptable characteristics?
How does the client-centered approach help clients with unacceptable characteristics?
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What is a key concept in Carl Rogers' self-theory?
What is a key concept in Carl Rogers' self-theory?
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What technique is commonly used by the counselor in client-centered therapy?
What technique is commonly used by the counselor in client-centered therapy?
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Which of the following accurately describes the counselor's involvement with the client?
Which of the following accurately describes the counselor's involvement with the client?
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What is the primary function of reinforcement in behavior modification?
What is the primary function of reinforcement in behavior modification?
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Which of the following best describes neutral stimuli in the context of behavior reinforcement?
Which of the following best describes neutral stimuli in the context of behavior reinforcement?
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What role does the counsellor play in the behavior modification process?
What role does the counsellor play in the behavior modification process?
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What does rational emotive therapy fundamentally recognize about human beings?
What does rational emotive therapy fundamentally recognize about human beings?
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How does manipulation of the environment serve the behavior modification process?
How does manipulation of the environment serve the behavior modification process?
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Which of the following techniques may be utilized by the counsellor?
Which of the following techniques may be utilized by the counsellor?
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What is the key question that determines the effectiveness of a technique in counseling?
What is the key question that determines the effectiveness of a technique in counseling?
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What is the impact of social disapproval as a type of negative reinforcer?
What is the impact of social disapproval as a type of negative reinforcer?
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Study Notes
Client-Centered Counseling Approach
- Also known as self-theory, non-directive, or Rogerian counseling.
- Developed by Carl R. Rogers, emphasizing the client's ability to identify and solve their own issues.
- Key qualities of the counseling relationship include warmth, permissiveness, and acceptance, fostering self-exploration.
- Clients confront their unacceptable traits in a safe environment, promoting self-acceptance and personal growth.
- The self is defined as an organized configuration of self-perceptions and experiences within one's environment.
- Techniques include verbal reflection, feelings interpretation, clarification, reformulation, and summarization.
- Counselors maintain an aloof and non-directive stance, avoiding emotional involvement or manipulation.
Behavioral Counseling Viewpoint
- A cognitively oriented theory introduced by authors including John D. Krumboltz, Carl E. Thoresen, and Ray F. Hosford.
- Views behavior as a product of the interaction between genetics and environmental influences.
- Most behaviors are learned and can be modified through environmental manipulation and learning conditions.
- Reinforcement is crucial; includes positive reinforcers (e.g., praise), negative reinforcers (e.g., criticism), and neutral stimuli (leading to extinction of behaviors).
- Counselors provide affective experiences to help clients modify their behaviors.
- Techniques are collaboratively determined, with the counselor taking responsibility for behavior modification.
- The counselor acts as an expert, using various methods like manipulation and questioning to effect change.
Rational Emotive Therapy
- Developed by Albert Ellis, focusing on the rational and irrational aspects of human behavior.
- Emphasizes that behavior is influenced by beliefs about how one should or must act.
- Highlights the significance of suggestibility and negative emotionalism (e.g., guilt, hostility) in emotional issues.
- Assert that emotional disturbances stem from illogical thinking; improving rational thought can alleviate emotional issues.
- Responsibility for behavior lies with the individual, not external blame.
- Recognizes that thinking and emotion are interconnected, guiding integrated therapeutic approaches.
- Offers various ways to control emotion, including biochemical methods, physical exercises, sensory techniques, and cognitive reflections.
- Counselors function as teachers, guiding clients in adopting more rational behaviors and addressing current issues rather than focusing on past blame.
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Description
This quiz explores the client-centered counseling approach, a non-directive and affectively oriented method championed by Carl Rogers. It delves into its principles, theoretical foundations, and key proponents. Ideal for students studying counseling theories and psychological practices.
